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重阳采桑子赏析
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-18 点击数:185
  [重阳]:阴历九月初九日叫“重阳节”。毛泽东1929年10月写这首词的时候,正是这年秋天红四军在福建省西部汀一带歼灭土著军阀,攻克了上杭,所以词中才有了“战地黄花分外香”句。因是重阳节,此时菊花正开。古人常于重阳节这天观赏菊花。《吕氏春秋.季秋纪》有证:“季秋之月:……菊有黄华(花)。”

  毛泽东这首词从外观上说,词句晓畅,几乎没有任何费解的地方。然而这首词却采古之风于现代之韵。

  古往今来,歌咏人生的诗词真是太多了,但大多带有悲观色彩,及时行乐的一面。陈子昂的《登幽州台歌》便是很典型的。全诗只四句:“前不见古人,后不见来者,念天地之悠悠,独怆然而涕下。”愈是“念天地之悠悠”,便愈是“感人生之短暂”,前瞻后顾,孤独悲凉,再加上人生坎坷,处处失意,便不免“怆然而涕下”了。毛泽东这里有说“人生易老天难老”且不是悲观面对,而是告诫我们大自然的规律不容回避,应该珍惜生命,造福人类。虽然古今诗人们看到的是同样的客观存在,是同样的有限与无限的联结,但是经无产阶级革命家这么一说,便没有悲观的味了。这就是毛泽东和其他诗人在世界观上的不同之处。

  这首词的核心句子,或者说最足以代表这首词的精神的,便是那句“战地黄花分外香”了。这是对革命战争的由衷赞美。谁都知道,战争是伴随着牺牲和灾难的。尤其处在第一线作战的人,随时随地都有牺牲的可能。如果一是对革命战争具有英勇无畏的献身精神,如果一是把战争看作是一种幸福,一种愉快,他就不会对 “战地黄花”有一种“分外香”的感觉了。这如同当年马克思回答他女儿的话。女儿问他:“你的幸福是什么?”马克思只回答她两个字:“斗争。”这就是说,为全人类的幸福而斗争,才是他最大的幸福。可见,毛泽东与马克思的人生态度多么一致。

  这样的世界观,带给他的是革命的乐观情绪。这在毛泽东的诗词中,不止一处可以看到。如《大柏地》:“当年鏖战急,弹洞前村壁。装点此关山,今朝更好看。”也是一例。村壁上留下一些弹痕,按常理说有什么好看的呵?但是在伟大的革命家笔下就是与常人不同。那些弹洞村壁,在斜阳、彩虹如带的映照下,就显得与众不同了。

  这是词的上半阕。

  下半阕主要是描写秋天。毛泽东很喜欢秋天。俄罗斯的大诗人普希金,就很喜欢秋天。每个人都各有自己喜欢的季节,这不算特殊。值得注意的是,毛泽东对秋天的描写可以说独树一帜。在古代文学的传统描写中,秋天总多少和悲秋相联系。老杜的《秋兴八首》,可以说是其中的典型了。江边、孤舟、悲号中的猿啼…… 真的叫人泪下。这些在艺术上的高度成就自不必多说。而老杜在那年多病羁留孤城的逆境中,忧国思家,心事重重,这是很自然的。可是,毛泽东笔下的秋天,比起许多诗家却是另种调子。即使在他青年时期的词作《沁园春.长沙》中,也可看到这种特色。尽管他“独立寒秋”,而看到的是“万山红遍,层林尽染;漫江碧透,百舸争流”以及“鹰击长空,鱼翔浅底,万类霜天红烂漫”,比春天的映山红还要红,还要可爱。exam8.com

  总之,这是一首渗透着无产阶级世界观的战斗者之歌。它感情饱满,总象宏丽。一种对革命前途的坚定信心,同外部世界的美水乳交融地化为一体了。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:重阳采桑子赏析

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  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001339s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 186 WHERE `id` = 10521 [ RunTime:0.002504s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001001s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000758s ]
0.156176s