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“胡马依北风,越鸟朝南枝。”鉴赏
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-18 点击数:175
  名句“胡马依北风,越鸟朝南枝。”出自古诗十九首的《行行重行行》
行行重行行
出自:古诗十九首  年代:汉
行行重行行,与君生别离。  
相去万余里,各在天一涯;  
道路阻且长,会面安可知?  
胡马依北风,越鸟朝南枝。  
相去日已远,衣带日已缓;  
浮云蔽白日,游子不顾返。  
思君令人老,岁月忽已晚。  
弃捐勿复道,努力加餐饭!
赏析:
《行行重行行》是《古诗十九首》的第一首,写的是思妇的离愁别恨。东汉末年,游宦之风极盛,读书人为了寻求出路,求取功名富贵,不得不背井离乡,四处奔走。当时政治异常黑暗,社会极为混乱,出身低下的知识分子,即使满腹经纶,也难于施展。在这种情况下,亲人远离的痛苦,就显得更为突出。所以,《古诗十九首》中以夫妻别离、互相思念为题材的作品占了很大比例,从一个侧面反映了当时社会状况,特别是下层知识分子的思想苦闷。
本篇可分作两部分:前六句为第一部分,后十句为第二部分。
第一部分,追叙初别,着重描写路远相见之难。开头两句“行行重行行,与君生别离”是全诗的纲,总领下文。
第二部分,着重刻画思妇相思之苦。胡马、越鸟二句是说鸟兽还懂得依恋故乡,何况人呢?以鸟兽和人作比,是从好的方面揣度游子的心理。随着时间的飞驰,游子越走越远,思妇的相思之情也愈来愈深切。“衣带日已缓”形象地揭示了思妇的这种心情。她日益消瘦、衰老(“衣带日已缓”、“思君令人老”)和“游子不顾反”形成对比。“浮云蔽白日,游子不顾反”,是从坏的方面怀疑游子薄幸,不过不愿直说,而是委婉地通过比喻表达心里的想法。最后两句是强作宽慰,实际上这种心情是很难“弃捐”勿“道”的,心绪不佳,“餐饭”也是很难“加”的。相思之苦本来是一种抽象的心理状态,可是作者通过胡马、越鸟、浮云、白日等恰切的比喻,带缓、人老等细致的描写,把悲苦的心情刻画得生动具体,淋漓尽致。

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