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“我姑酌彼兕觥,唯以不永伤。”全诗赏析
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-18 点击数:191
  诗经名句“我姑酌彼兕觥,唯以不永伤。”出自《诗经·周南·卷耳》,意思是:让我姑且饮酒作乐吧,只有这样才不会永远伤悲。
《诗经·周南·卷耳》
采采卷耳,不盈顷筐。嗟我怀人,寘彼周行。
陟彼崔嵬,我马虺隤。我姑酌彼金罍,维以不永怀。
陟彼高冈,我马玄黄。我姑酌彼兕觥,维以不永伤。
陟彼砠矣,我马瘏矣。我仆痡矣,云何吁矣。
译文:
采呀采呀采卷耳,半天不满一小筐。我啊想念心上人,菜筐弃在大路旁。
攀那高高土石山,马儿足疲神颓丧。且先斟满金壶酒,慰我离思与忧伤。
登上高高山脊梁,马儿腿软已迷茫。且先斟满大杯酒,免我心中长悲伤。
艰难攀登乱石冈,马儿累坏倒一旁,仆人精疲力又竭,无奈愁思聚心上。
作品赏析:
《卷耳》是一篇抒写怀人情感的名作。其佳妙处尤其表现在它匠心独运的篇章结构上。旧说如“后妃怀文王”、“文王怀贤”、“妻子怀念征夫”、“征夫怀念妻子”诸说,都把诗中的怀人情感解释为单向的;另外,日本的青木正儿和我国的《诗经》专家孙作云还提出过《卷耳》是由两首残简的诗合为一诗的看法。这些看法反映出对《卷耳》篇章佳妙布局认识不足的缺陷。  《卷耳》四章,第一章是以思念征夫的妇女的口吻来写的;后三章则是以思家念归的备受旅途辛劳的男子的口吻来写的。犹如一场表演着的戏剧,男女主人公各自的内心独白在同一场景同一时段中展开。诗人坚决地隐去了“女曰”、“士曰”一类的提示词,让戏剧冲突表现得更为强烈,让男女主人公“思怀”的内心感受交融合一。首章女子的独白呼唤着远行的男子,“不盈顷筐”的卷耳被弃在“周行”——通向远方的大路的一旁。顺着女子的呼唤,备受辛苦的男子满怀愁思地出现;对应着“周行”,他正行进在崔嵬的山间。一、二两章的句式结构也因此呈现着明显的对比和反差。第三章是对第二章的复沓,带有变化的复沓是《诗经》中最常见的章法结构特征,这种复沓可以想象为是一种合唱或重唱,它强有力地增加了抒情的效果,开拓补充了意境,稳定地再现了音乐的主题旋律。第四章从内容分析仍是男子口吻,但与二、三章相差很大。这类《诗经》中经常用的手法称为单行章断,比如《召南·采蘩》、《召南·行露》,《周南·葛覃》、《周南·汉广》、《周南·汝坟》等诗中都有此类手法。这类手法是合唱形式的遗存,可以想像这是幕后回荡的男声合唱。其作用是渲染烘托诗篇的气氛,增强表演的效果。
《卷耳》的语言是优美自然的。诗人能够熟练地运用当时的民谣套语。《周易·归妹三·上六》:“女承筐,无实;士刲羊,无血。”“女承筐,无实”正与《卷耳》首句“采采卷耳,不盈顷筐”对应。把民谣用作套语,像一个套子一样放在诗章句首,为诗奠定韵脚、句式的基础和情感思绪的习惯性暗示,这是《诗经》的起兴手法的一例。诗人善于用实境描画来衬托情感。旅途的艰难是通过对山的险阻的描摹直接反映出来的:诗人用了“崔嵬”、“高冈”、“砠”等词语。而旅途的痛苦则是通过对马的神情的刻画间接表现出来的:诗人用了“虺隤”、“玄黄”、“瘏矣”等词语。而描摹山、刻画马都意在衬托出行者怀人思归的惆怅。“我姑酌彼金罍”、“我姑酌彼兕觥”,以酒浇愁,便是正面对这种悲愁的心态提示。全诗的最后是以一种已类化的自问自答体收场的:“云何?吁矣!”它既是对前两章“不永怀”、“不永伤”的承接,也是以“吁”一字对全诗进行的总结,点名“愁”的主题,堪称诗眼。
怀人是世间永恒的情感主题,这一主题跨越了具体的人和事,它本身成了历代诗人吟咏的好题目。《卷耳》为我国诗歌长河中蔚为壮观的一支——怀人诗开了一个好头。其深远影响光泽后世。当读者吟咏徐陵《关山月》、张仲素《春归思》、杜甫《月夜》、王维《九月九日忆山东兄弟》、元好问《客意》等抒写离愁别绪、怀人思乡的诗歌名篇时,都可以回首寻味《卷耳》的意境。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:“我姑酌彼兕觥,唯以不永伤。”全诗赏析

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  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001010s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000715s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000954s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000769s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000961s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000784s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000715s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000662s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000670s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000914s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000565s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001206s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 10712 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000870s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001079s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000695s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 192 WHERE `id` = 10712 [ RunTime:0.002157s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000666s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000776s ]
0.118991s