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歌剧《茶花女》赏析
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:231
《茶花女》是威尔第的「通俗三部曲」的最后一部(其余两部是《弄臣》及《游唱诗人》),它所获意大利人的欢迎也是不亚于《游唱诗人》。  

这是根据1852年法国的作家小仲马(Alexandre Dumas)的戏剧「茶花女」( La Dame  aux Camelias)而写成。这部歌剧充满着优美的咏叹调,其出现密度之高,使得和比才的《卡门》一样,成为美歌集一般,即使不太明白剧情,但绝对不会感到有「冷场」,所以,它也是很好的欣赏入门的歌剧.  

威尔第的三幕歌剧《茶花女》于1853年在威尼斯进行首演,虽然由于各种社会原因而遭到失败,但它很快就得到了全世界的赞誉,被认为是一部具有出色艺术效果的巨著,并由此成为各国歌剧院中最受欢迎的作品之一。难怪《茶花女》的原作者小仲马要说:五十年后, 也许谁也记不起我的小说《茶花女》了,但威尔第却使它成为不朽。  

《茶花女》的意大利名称为Traviata,原意为一个堕落的女人(或失足者),一般均译作茶花女。歌剧描写了十九世纪上半叶巴黎社交场上一个具有多重性格的人物--薇奥列塔。她名噪一时,才华出众,过着骄奢淫逸的妓女生活,却并没有追求名利的世俗作风,是一个受迫害的妇女形象。虽然她赢得了阿尔弗雷德·阿芒的爱情,但她为了挽回一个所谓体面家庭的荣誉,决然放弃了自己的爱情,使自己成为上流社会的牺牲品。  

剧情:薇奥莱塔原是周旋于巴黎上流社会的名妓,为青年阿尔弗莱德真挚的爱情所感,毅然抛弃纸醉金迷的生活,来到巴黎近郊与阿尔弗莱德共同酿造爱情的蜜。但是,阿尔弗莱德的父亲乔治欧激烈反对,强要她承诺与他的儿子断绝来往。为了顾全阿尔弗莱德的家庭和幸福,她决心牺牲自己的爱情,忍受着内心的极大痛苦,重返风月场。阿尔弗莱德误以为她变了心,盛怒之下,在公开场合羞辱了她。薇奥莱塔信守对乔治欧的诺言,未向自己的情人道破真情,但患有肺病的身体承受不了这一致命打击,就此卧床不起。不久,乔治欧良心发现,把全部真情对儿子言明。但当阿尔弗莱德回到薇奥莱塔身边,她已经奄奄一息了,疾病和不公正的社会夺去了她的爱情和生命。  

 音乐以细微的心理描写、诚挚优美的歌调和感人肺腑的悲剧力量,集中体现了中期威尔第歌剧创作的基本特点。序曲采用第二幕中的爱情主题和下行的悲怆动机,对全剧作了提纲挈领的概括。第一幕的《饮酒歌》,是以单二部曲式为基础的分节歌,轻快的舞曲节奏,明朗的大调色彩,以及贯穿全曲的大六度跳进的动机,表现阿尔弗莱德借酒抒发他对真诚爱情的渴望和赞美,洋溢着青春的活力。薇奥莱塔的咏叹调,则表现女主人公复杂微妙的心理矛盾。前半部分表现她初次感受到爱情时内心的波动,音调诚挚、直率;后半部分表现她对爱情的大胆追述和渴望,大跳的音调反映了她内心抑制不住的喜悦。终场的二重唱,是一个感人的音乐场面,第一段中近乎口语式的急切语调,是这一对久经磨难的情人终又重逢时狂喜而激动心情的描写;第二段的分节歌洋溢着浪漫曲的抒情气质,抒发他们对爱情和幸福的向往。但后来,与阿尔弗莱德热情奔放的旋律交织一起的微奥莱塔声部中,出现了半音滑行的痛苦呻吟的音调,并逐渐发展扩大,最后占据了主导地位。威尔第应用这种对比手法,刻划了垂死的薇奥莱塔对爱情至死不渝的追求,揭示了歌剧深刻的悲剧主题,具有震撼人心的戏剧力量。  



有才子曰:诗词赏析:歌剧《茶花女》赏析

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  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000228s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000544s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 11164 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000411s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000465s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000275s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 232 WHERE `id` = 11164 [ RunTime:0.001672s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000265s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000308s ]
0.213382s