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谭用之《秋宿湘江遇雨》赏析
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:200
  秋宿湘江遇雨
谭用之
湘上阴云锁梦魂, 江边深夜舞刘琨。
秋风万里芙蓉国, 暮雨千家薜荔村。
乡思不堪悲橘柚, 旅游谁肯重王孙。
渔人相见不相问, 长笛一声归岛门。
谭用之很有才气,抱负不凡。然而,仕途的困踬,使他常有怀才不遇之叹。这首七律,即借湘江秋雨的苍茫景色抒发其慷慨不平之气,写来情景相生,意境开阔。
“湘上阴云锁梦魂”,起笔即交代了泊船湘江的特定处境:滚滚湘江,阴云笼罩,暮雨将临,孤舟受阻。寥寥数字,勾勒出壮阔的画面,烘染出沉重的气氛。“锁梦魂”,巧点一个“宿”字,也透露出诗人因行游受阻而不无怅然之感。但心郁闷而志不颓,面对滔滔湘水,更加壮怀激烈,所以第二句即抒写其雄心壮志。作者选用刘琨舞剑的典故入诗,表现了他干时济世的远大抱负。就文势看,这一句格调高昂,一扫首句所含之怅惘情绪,犹如在舒缓低沉的旋律中,突然奏出了高亢激越的音符,令人感奋。
二联两句正面写湘江秋雨,缴足题面。芙蓉,这里指木芙蓉。木芙蓉高者可达数丈,花繁盛,有白、黄、淡红数色。颇为淡雅素美。薜荔,是一种蔓生的常绿灌木,多生田野间。湘江沿岸,到处生长着木芙蓉,铺天盖地,高大挺拔,那丛丛簇簇的繁花,在秋雨迷蒙中经秋风吹拂,犹如五彩云霞在飘舞;辽阔的原野上,到处丛生着薜荔,那碧绿的枝藤,经秋雨一洗,越发苍翠可爱,摇曳多姿。诗人为这美景所陶醉,喜悦、赞赏之情油然而生。“芙蓉国”、“薜荔村”,以极言芙蓉之盛,薜荔之多,又兼以“万里”、“千家”极度夸张之词加以渲染,更烘托出气象的高远,境界的壮阔。于尺幅之中写尽千里之景,为湖南的壮丽山河,绘出了雄奇壮美的图画。后人称湖南为芙蓉国,其源盖出于此。
诗的第爱油菜教育着重于抒情。“悲橘柚”,是说橘柚引起了诗人的悲叹。为什么呢?原来橘柚是南方特产,其味甘美,相传“逾淮北而为枳”,枳则味酸。同是橘柚,由于生长之地不同而命运迥异,故《淮南子》说“橘柚有乡”。湘江一带,正是橘柚之乡。诗人看见那累累硕果,不禁触景生情,羡慕其适得其所,而悲叹自己远离家乡、生不逢时,深感自己的境遇竟和那远离江南生长在淮北的枳相象,所以说:“乡思不堪悲橘柚”。王孙,本指隐者,汉淮南小山作《楚辞·招隐士》,希望潜居山中的贤士归来,有云:“王孙游兮不归,春草生兮萋萋”,“王孙兮归来,山中兮不可以久留”。后也借指游子。这里是诗人以王孙自比。诗人游宦他乡,羁旅湘江,虽抱济世之志,终感报国无门,就和那被遗弃的山野之人一样,无人看重,所以说,“旅游谁肯重王孙”。这两句从乡思难遣说到仕途不遇,一从橘柚见意,一能巧用典故,一为直书,一为反诘,波澜起伏,跌宕有致,在壮烈情怀中寄寓着愤慨与忧伤。联系上联来看,写景抒情虽各有侧重,但情因景生,景以情合,二者是相互融浃的。上联写万里江天,极其阔大,这里写孤舟漂泊,又见出诗人处境的狭窄。一阔一狭,互为映衬。境界的阔大壮美,既激发起作者的豪情壮志,也自然地触动了诗人的身世之感和故国之思,情和景就是这样有机地联系、交融起来了。
末联以景结情,意在言外。湘江沿岸,正是屈原足迹所到之处。《楚辞·渔父》有云:“屈原既放,游于江潭,行吟泽畔,颜色憔悴,形容枯槁。渔父见而问之曰:‘子非三闾大夫与?……’”屈原身处逆境,尚有一渔父与之对话;而现在诗人所遇到的情况却是“渔人相见不相问,长笛一声归岛门”。渔人看见他竟不与言语,自管吹着长笛回岛去了。全诗到此戛然而止,诗人不被理解的悲愤郁闷,壮志难酬的慷慨不平,都一一包含其中。以此终篇,激愤不已。笛声,风雨声,哗哗的江水声,诗人的叹息声……组成一曲雄浑悲壮的交响乐,余音袅袅,不绝如缕。
(徐定祥)



有才子曰:诗词赏析:谭用之《秋宿湘江遇雨》赏析

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  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000352s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000265s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000360s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000269s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000308s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000257s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000268s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000256s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000249s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000320s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000227s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000404s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 11260 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000298s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000347s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000251s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 201 WHERE `id` = 11260 [ RunTime:0.001643s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000219s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000257s ]
0.074628s