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曹松《南海旅次》赏析
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:213
  南海旅次
曹松
忆归休上越王台, 归思临高不易裁。
为客正当无雁处, 故园谁道有书来。
城头早角吹霜尽, 郭里残潮荡月回。
心似百花开未得, 年年争发被春催。
曹松是舒州(治所在今安徽潜山)人,因屡试不第,长期流落在今福建、广东一带。这首诗就是他连年滞留南海(郡治在今广东广州市)时的思归之作。
作者以翻腾起伏的思绪作为全诗的结构线索,在广州的独特地理背景的衬托下,着力突出登高、家信、月色、春光在作者心中激起的反响,来表现他羁留南海的万缕归思。
首联“忆归休上越王台,归思临高不易裁”,从广州的著名古迹越王台落笔,但却一反前人的那种“远望当归”的传统笔法,独出心裁地写成“忆归休上”,以免归思泛滥,不易裁断。如此翻新的写法,脱出窠臼,把归思表现得十分婉曲深沉。金圣叹称赞这两句“忽然快翻‘远望当归’旧语,成此崭新妙起”(《圣叹批唐诗》甲集),是说得不错的。
颔联“为客正当无雁处,故园谁道有书来”,诗人巧妙地运用了鸿雁南飞不过衡山回雁峰的传说,极写南海距离故园的遥远,表现他收不到家书的沮丧心情。言外便有嗟怨客居过于边远之意。李煜的“雁来音信无凭”(《清平乐》),是写见雁而不见信的失望;而曹松连雁也见不到,就更谈不上期待家书了,因此对句用“谁道有书来”的反问,来表现他的无限懊恼。
颈联“城头早角吹霜尽,郭里残潮荡月回”,展示了日复一日唤起作者归思的凄清景色。出句写晨景,是说随着城头凄凉的晓角声晨霜消尽;对句写晚景,是说伴着夜晚的残潮明月复出。这一联的描写使我们想起唐诗中的有关诗句:“三奏未终天便晓,何人不起望乡愁”(武元衡《单于晓角》);“回潮动客思”(李益《送归中丞使新罗册立吊祭》);“举头望明月,低头思故乡”(李白《静夜思》)。看来,在唐人心目中,明月、晓角、残潮,都是牵动归思的景色。如果说,李白的《静夜思》写了一时间勾起的乡愁,那么,曹松这一联的景色,则融进了作者连年羁留南海所产生的了无终期的归思。
归思这样地折磨着作者,平常时日,还可以勉强克制,可是,当新春到来时,就按捺不住了。因为新春提醒他在异乡又滞留了一个年头,使他归思泉涌,百感交集。“心似百花开未得,年年争发被春催”,形象地揭示出羁旅逢春的典型心境,把他对归思的抒写推向高潮。句中以含苞待放的百花比喻处于抑制状态的归心,进而表现每到春天他的心都受到刺激,引起归思泛滥,那就象被春风催开的百花,竞相怒放,不由自主。想象一下号称花城的广州,那沐浴在春风里的鲜花的海洋,我们不禁为作者如此生动、独到的比喻赞叹不已。这出人意表的比喻,生动贴切,表现出归思的纷乱、强烈、生生不已、难以遏止。写到这里,作者的南海归思在几经婉转之后,终于得到了尽情的倾吐。
这首诗在艺术上进行了富有个性的探索,它没有采用奇特的幻想形式,也没有采用借景抒情为主的笔法,而是集中笔墨来倾吐自己的心声,迂曲婉转地揭示出复杂的心理活动和细微的思想感情,呈现出情深意曲的艺术特色。
(徐燕)



有才子曰:诗词赏析:曹松《南海旅次》赏析

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  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000235s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 214 WHERE `id` = 11313 [ RunTime:0.001653s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000241s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000264s ]
0.075033s