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来鹄《云》
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:210
  云
来鹄
千形万象竟还空, 映水藏山片复重。
无限旱苗枯欲尽, 悠悠闲处作奇峰。
夏云形状奇特,变幻不常。“夏云多奇峰”,是历来传诵的名句。但这首诗的作者似乎对悠闲作态的夏云颇为憎厌,这是因为作者的心境本来就并不悠闲,用意又另有所属的缘故。
首句撇开夏云的各种具体形象,用“千形万象”四字一笔带过,紧接着下了“竟还空”这几个感情份量很重的词语。原来,诗人是怀着久旱盼甘霖的焦急心情注视着风云变幻。对他说来,夏云的千姿百态并没有实际意义,当然也就想不到要加以描写。对事物关心的角度不同,描写的方式也自然有别。这一句对夏云的描写尽管抽象,却完全符合诗人此时的感情。它写出一个过程:云不断幻化出各种形象,诗人也不断重复着盼望、失望,最后,云彩随风飘散,化为乌有,诗人的希望也终于完全落空。“竟还空”三字,既含有事与愿违的深深失望,也含有感到被作弄之后的一腔怨愤。
次句写“竟还空”后出现的情形。云彩虽变幻以至消失,但切盼甘霖者仍在寻觅它的踪影。它仿佛故意与人们捉迷藏:到处寻觅不见,蓦然低头,却发现它的倒影映入水中;猛然抬头,则又见它原来就隐藏在山后。又好象故意在你面前玩戏法:忽而轻云片片,忽而重重迭迭。这就进一步写出了云的容与悠闲之状,怡然自得之情,写出了它的故作姿态。而经历过失望、体验过被作弄的滋味的诗人,面对弄姿自媚的云,究竟怀着一种什么样的感情,也就可想而知了。
“无限旱苗枯欲尽,悠悠闲处作奇峰。”第三句是全诗的背景,按自然顺序,似应放在首句。诗人把它安排在这里,一方面是使这首篇幅很狭的小诗也有悬念,有波澜;另一方面(也是更重要的)是让它在感情发展的关节点上出现,以便与第四句形成鲜明尖锐的对照,取得更加强烈的艺术效果。第三句明显地蕴含着满腔的焦虑、怨愤,提得很高,出语很重,第四句放下去时却很轻,表面上几乎不带感情。一边是大片旱苗行将枯死,亟盼甘霖,一边却是高高在上,悠闲容与,化作奇峰在自我欣赏。正是在跌宕有致的对比描写中,诗人给云的形象添上了画龙点睛的一笔,把憎厌如此夏云的感情推向了高潮。
一首不以描摹刻画为能事、有所托寓的咏物诗,总是能以它的生动形象启发人们去联想,去思索。这首诗,看来并不单纯是抒写久旱盼雨、憎厌旱云的感情。诗中 “云”的形象,既具有自然界中夏云的特点,又概括了社会生活中某一类人的特征。那千变万化,似乎给人们以洒降甘霖希望的云,其实根本就无心解救干枯的旱苗。当人们焦急地盼它降雨时,它却“悠悠闲处作奇峰”呢。不言而喻,这正是旧时代那些看来可以“解民倒悬”,实际上“不问苍生”的权势者的尊容。它的概括性是很高的,直到今天,我们还会感到诗里所描绘的人格化了的“云”是似曾相识的。
古代诗歌中咏云的名句很多,但用劳动者的眼光、感情来观察、描绘云的,却几乎没有。来鹄这位不大出名的诗人的这一首《云》,也许算得上最富人民性的咏云之作。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:来鹄《云》

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  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000254s ]
0.098790s