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武昌妓《续韦蟾句》
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:199
  续韦蟾句
武昌妓
悲莫悲兮生别离, 登山临水送将归。
武昌无限新栽柳, 不见杨花扑面飞。
韦蟾是晚唐诗人,大中年间登进士第,官至尚书左丞。有一次他察访鄂州(武昌),离去时当地官员为他设宴饯行。席间韦蟾用笺书写《文选》中“悲莫悲兮生别离”(屈原《九歌·少司命》)、“登山临水(兮)送将归”二句集成的联语,请座上宾僚续成完诗。一位歌妓见笺应声口占二句,首先续成,满座无不叫绝。按这首诗的本事,正确的拟题应是“续韦蟾集《文选》句”(今题是后人所加)。
《唐诗别裁》称此诗道:“上二句集得好,下二句续得好。”这两句话也评得好,只不过囫囵一些,值得进一步赏析。先说“集得好”。
熟读古典的人,触景生情时,往往会有古诗人名句来到心间,如同己出,此外再难找到更为理想的诗句来取代。但将不同出处的诗句,集成新作,很难浑成佳妙。韦蟾二句“集得好”,首先在于他取用自然,于当筵情事极切合。祖饯的宾僚那样重情,而将离者亦复依依不舍,都由这两个名句很好地表达出来。其次,是取用中有创新。集句为联语一般取自近体诗,但诗人却远从楚辞借来两句。这两句原来并不整齐。“悲莫悲兮生别离”本非严格意义的七言句,因为“兮”字是句中语气词,很虚,用作七言则将虚字坐实。而“登山临水兮送将归”共八字,集者随手删却一字,便成标准的七言诗句。这种“配套”法,不拘守现成,已含化用意味。再者,这两个古老的诗句一经拾掇,不但语气联贯,连平仄也大致协调(单论二四六字,上句为“仄平仄”,下句为“平仄平”)。既存古意,又居然新声,可谓语自天成,妙手偶得。
“悲莫悲兮生别离,登山临水送将归”,这是送行者的语气,自当由祖筵者来续之。但这二句出自屈宋大手笔,集在一起又是那样浑成;而送别情意,俱尽言中,续诗弄不好就成狗尾续貂。这里著不得任何才力,得全凭一点灵犀,所以一个慧心的歌女比十个饱学的文士更中用。
这就轮到讲“续得好”。歌妓续诗的好处也首先表现在不刻意:集句抒当筵之情,续诗则咏目前之景。但集句是“赋”,续诗却出以“兴”语。“诗不患无情而患情之肆”(《诗镜总论》),“善诗者就景中写意”(《昭昧詹言》)。由于集句已具送别之情意,语似尽露。采用兴法以景结情,恰好是一种补救,使意与境珠完璧合。“武昌”、“新柳”、“杨花”,不仅点明时间、地点、环境,而且渲染气氛,使读者即景体味当筵者的心情。这就使不尽之意,复见于言外。其次,它好在景象优美,句意深婉。以杨柳写离情,诗中通例;而“杨花扑面飞”,境界却独到,简直把景写活了。一向脍炙人口的宋词名句“春风不解禁杨花,蒙蒙乱扑行人面”(晏殊《踏莎行》)即脱胎于此。“新栽柳”尚飞花扑人,情意依依,座中故人又岂能无动于衷!同时杨花乱飞也有春归之意,“才始送春归,又送君归去”,难堪是加倍的。“(君)不见”、“无限”等字,对于加强唱叹之情,亦有点染之功。七绝短章,特重风神,这首诗在这方面表现得颇为突出。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:武昌妓《续韦蟾句》

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  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000240s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 200 WHERE `id` = 11326 [ RunTime:0.002169s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000253s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000280s ]
0.075690s