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韦庄《台城》赏析
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:201
  台城
韦庄
江雨霏霏江草齐, 六朝如梦鸟空啼。
无情最是台城柳, 依旧烟笼十里堤。
这是一首凭吊六朝古迹的诗。台城,旧址在今南京市鸡鸣山南,本是三国时代吴国的后苑城,东晋成帝时改建。从东晋到南朝结束,这里一直是朝廷台省(中央政府)和皇宫所在地,既是政治中枢,又是帝王荒淫享乐的场所。中唐时期,昔日繁华的台城已是“万户千门成野草”;到了唐末,这里就更荒废不堪了。
吊古诗多触景生情,借景寄慨,写得比较虚。这首诗则比同类作品更空灵蕴藉。它从头到尾采取侧面烘托的手法,着意造成一种梦幻式的情调气氛,让读者透过这层隐约的感情帷幕去体味作者的感慨。这是一个值得注意的特点。
起句不正面描绘台城,而是着意渲染氛围。金陵滨江,故说“江雨”、“江草”。江南的春雨,密而且细,在霏霏雨丝中,四望迷蒙,如烟笼雾罩,给人以如梦似幻之感。暮春三月,江南草长,碧绿如茵,又显出自然界的生机。这景色即具有江南风物特有的轻柔婉丽,又容易勾起人们的迷惘惆伥。这就为下一句抒情作了准备。
“六朝如梦鸟空啼”。从首句描绘江南烟雨到次句的六朝如梦,跳跃很大,乍读似不相属。其实不仅“江雨霏霏”的氛围已暗逗“梦”字,而且在霏霏江雨、如茵碧草之间就隐藏着一座已经荒凉破败的台城。鸟啼草绿,春色常在,而曾经在台城追欢逐乐的六朝统治者却早已成为历史上来去匆匆的过客,豪华壮丽的台城也成了供人凭吊的历史遗迹。从东吴到陈,三百多年间,六个短促的王朝一个接一个地衰败覆亡,变幻之速,本来就给人以如梦之感;再加上自然与人事的对照,更加深了 “六朝如梦”的感慨。“台城六代竞豪华”,但眼前这一切已荡然无存,只有不解人世沧桑、历史兴衰的鸟儿在发出欢快的啼鸣。“鸟空啼”的“空”,即“隔叶黄鹂空好音”(杜甫《蜀相》)的“空”,它从人们对鸟啼的特殊感受中进一步烘托出“梦”字,寓慨很深。
“无情最是台城柳,依旧烟笼十里堤。”杨柳是春天的标志。在春风中摇荡的杨柳,总是给人以欣欣向荣之感,让人想起繁荣兴茂的局面。当年十里长堤,杨柳堆烟,曾经是台城繁华景象的点缀;如今,台城已经是“万户千门成野草”,而台城柳色,却“依旧烟笼十里堤。”这繁荣茂盛的自然景色和荒凉破败的历史遗迹,终古如斯的长堤烟柳和转瞬即逝的六代豪华的鲜明对比,对于一个身处末世、怀着亡国之忧的诗人来说,该是多么令人触目惊心!而台城堤柳,却既不管人间兴亡,也不管面对它的诗人会引起多少今昔盛衰之感,所以说它“无情”。说柳“无情”,正透露出人的无限伤痛。“依旧”二字,深寓历史沧桑之慨。它暗示了一个腐败的时代的消逝,也预示历史的重演。堤柳堆烟,本来就易触发往事如烟的感慨,加以它在诗歌中又常常被用作抒写兴亡之感的凭藉,所以诗人因堤柳引起的感慨也就特别强烈。“无情”、“依旧”,通贯全篇写景,兼包江雨、江草、啼鸟与堤柳;“最是”二字,则突出强调了堤柳的“无情”和诗人的感伤怅惘。
诗人凭吊台城古迹,回顾六朝旧事,免不了有今之视昔,亦犹后之视今之感。亡国的不祥预感,在写这首诗时是萦绕在诗人心头的。如果说李益的《汴河曲》在 “行人莫上长堤望,风起杨花愁杀人”的强烈感喟中还蕴含着避免重演亡隋故事的愿望,那么本篇则在如梦似幻的气氛中流露了浓重的伤感情绪,这正是唐王朝覆亡之势已成,重演六朝悲剧已不可免的现实在吊古诗中的一种折光反映。
这首诗以自然景物的“依旧”暗示人世的沧桑,以物的“无情”反托人的伤痛,而在历史感慨之中即暗寓伤今之意。思想情绪虽不免有些消极,但这种虚处传神的艺术表现手法,仍可以借鉴。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:韦庄《台城》赏析

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  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000348s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000391s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000327s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000379s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000378s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000357s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000437s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000253s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000570s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 11332 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000382s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000541s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000315s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 202 WHERE `id` = 11332 [ RunTime:0.001667s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000272s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000296s ]
0.122608s