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罗隐《雪》
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:201
  雪
罗隐
尽道丰年瑞, 丰年事若何?
长安有贫者, 为瑞不宜多。
有一类诗,刚接触时感到质木无文,平淡无奇,反复涵咏,却发现它自有一种发人深省的艺术力量。罗隐的《雪》就是这样的作品。
题目是“雪”,诗却非咏雪,而是发了一通雪是否瑞兆的议论。绝句长于抒情而拙于议论,五绝篇幅极狭,尤忌议论。作者偏用其短,看来是有意造成一种特殊的风格。
瑞雪兆丰年。辛勤劳动的农民看到飘飘瑞雪而产生丰年的联想与期望,是很自然的。但眼下是在繁华的帝都长安,这“尽道丰年瑞”的声音就颇值得深思。“尽道”二字,语含讥讽。联系下文,可以揣知“尽道丰年瑞”者是和“贫者”不同的另一世界的人们。这些安居深院华屋、身袭蒙茸皮裘的达官显宦、富商大贾,在酒酣饭饱、围炉取暖、观赏一天风雪的时候,正异口同声地大发瑞雪兆丰年的议论,他们也许会自命是悲天悯人、关心民生疾苦的仁者呢!
正因为是此辈“尽道丰年瑞”,所以接下去的是冷冷的一问:“丰年事若何?”即使真的丰年,情况又怎样呢?这是反问,没有作答,也无须作答。“尽道丰年瑞”者自己心里清楚。唐代末叶,苛重的赋税和高额地租剥削,使农民无论丰歉都处于同样悲惨的境地。“二月卖新丝,五月粜新谷”,“六月禾未秀,官家已修仓”,“山前有熟稻,紫穗袭人香。细获又精舂,粒粒如玉珰。持之纳于官,私室无仓箱”。这些诗句对“事若何”作出了明确的回答。但在这首诗里,不道破比道破更有艺术力量。它好象当头一闷棍,打得那些“尽道丰年瑞”者哑口无言。
三、四两句不是顺着“丰年事若何”进一步抒感慨、发议论,而是回到开头提出的雪是否为瑞的问题上来。因为作者写这首诗的主要目的,并不是抒写对贫者虽处丰年仍不免冻馁的同情,而是向那些高谈丰年瑞者投一匕首。“长安有贫者,为瑞不宜多。”好象在一旁冷冷地提醒这些人:当你们享受着山珍海味,在高楼大厦中高谈瑞雪兆丰年时,恐怕早就忘记了这帝都长安有许许多多食不果腹、衣不蔽体、露宿街头的“贫者”。他们盼不到“丰年瑞”所带来的好处,却会被你们所津津乐道的“丰年瑞”所冻死。一夜风雪,明日长安街头会出现多少“冻死骨”啊!“为瑞不宜多”,仿佛轻描淡写,略作诙谐幽默之语,实际上这里面蕴含着深沉的愤怒和炽烈的感情。平缓从容的语调和犀利透骨的揭露,冷隽的讽刺和深沉的愤怒在这里被和谐地结合起来了。
雪究竟是瑞兆,还是灾难,离开一定的前提条件,是很难辩论清楚的,何况这根本不是诗的任务。诗人无意进行这样一场辩论。他感到憎恶和愤慨的是,那些饱暖无忧的达官贵人们,本与贫者没有任何共同感受、共同语言,却偏偏要装出一副对丰年最关心、对贫者最关切的面孔,因而他抓住“丰年瑞”这个话题,巧妙地作了一点反面文章,扯下了那些“仁者”的假面具,让他们的尊容暴露在光天化日之下。
诗里没有直接出现画面,也没有任何形象的描绘。但读完全诗,诗人自已的形象却鲜明可触。这是因为,诗中那些看来缺乏形象性的议论,不仅饱含着诗人的憎恶、蔑视、愤激之情,而且处处显示出诗人幽默诙谐、愤世疾俗的性格。从这里可以看出,对诗歌的形象性是不宜作过分偏狭的理解的。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:罗隐《雪》

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  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000292s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 202 WHERE `id` = 11350 [ RunTime:0.001649s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000261s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000299s ]
0.118196s