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李群玉《引水行》
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:192
  引水行
李群玉
一条寒玉走秋泉, 引出深萝洞口烟。
十里暗流声不断, 行人头上过潺湲。
唐代诗歌题材丰富,内容广阔,生动地反映出社会生活的千姿百态。但劳动人民改造自然的斗争,却很少得到反映。象李白的《秋浦歌》(炉火照天地)这种描绘壮美的劳动场景的诗作,竟如空谷足音。这是封建文人的时代局限和阶级局限所造成的。正因为这样,李群玉的这首《引水行》便给人耳目一新的感觉。
诗里描写的是竹筒引水,多见于南方山区。凿通腔内竹节的长竹筒,节节相连,把泉水从高山洞口引到需要灌溉或饮用的地方,甚至直接通到人家的水缸里,丁冬之声不绝,形成南方山区特有的富于诗意的风光。
一、二两句写竹筒引泉出洞。一条寒玉,是对引水竹筒的生动比喻。李贺曾用“削玉”形容新竹的光洁挺拔(见《昌谷北园新笋》),这里用“寒玉”形容竹筒的碧绿光洁,可谓异曲同工。不说“碧玉”而说“寒玉”,是为了与“秋泉”相应,以突出引水的竹筒给人带来的清然泠然的感受。寒玉秋泉,益见水之清洌,也益见竹之光洁。玉是固体,泉却是流动的,“寒玉走秋泉”,仿佛不可能。但正是这样,才促使读者去寻求其中奥秘。原来这条“寒玉”竟是中空贯通的。泉行筒中,是看不见的,只能自听觉得之。所以“寒玉走秋泉”的比喻本身,就蕴含着诗人发现竹筒引水奥秘的欣喜之情。
“引出深萝洞口烟。”这句是说泉水被竹筒从幽深的泉洞中引出。泉洞外面,常有藤萝一类植物缠绕蔓生;洞口附近,常蒙着一层烟雾似的水汽。“深萝洞口烟” 描绘的正是这种景色。按通常顺序,应先写深萝泉洞,再写竹筒流泉,现在倒过来写,是由于诗人先发现竹筒流泉,其声淙淙,然后才按迹循踪,发现它来自幽深的岩洞。这样写不但符合观察事物的过程,而且能将最吸引人的新鲜景物先描绘出来,收到先声夺人的艺术效果。
“十里暗流声不断,行人头上过潺湲。”竹筒引水,一般都是顺着山势,沿着山路,由高而低,蜿蜒而下。诗人的行程和竹筒的走向一样,都是由山上向山下,所以多数情况下都和连绵不断的竹筒相伴而行,故说“十里暗流声不断”。有时山路折入两山峡谷之间,而渡槽则凌空跨越,这就成了“行人头上过潺湲”。诗不是说明文,花费很大气力去说明某一事物,即使再精确,也不见得有感人的艺术力量。这两句诗对竹筒沿山蜿蜒而下的描写是精确的,但它决不单纯是一种客观的不动感情的说明,而是充满诗的情趣的生动描写。关键就在于它写出了山行者和引水竹筒之间亲切的关系。十里山行,竹筒蜿蜒,泉流不断,似是有意与行人相伴。行人在寂寥的深山中赶路,邂逅如此良伴,该会平添多少兴味!“十里暗流声不断”,不只是写竹筒流泉,而且写出了诗人在十里山行途中时时侧耳倾听竹筒流泉的琤琤清韵的情景;“行人头上过潺湲”,更生动地抒写了诗人耳闻目接之际那种新奇、喜悦的感受。
竹筒引水,是古代劳动人民巧纱地利用自然、改造自然的生动事例,改造自然的同时也为自然增添了新的景色,新的美。而这种景色本身,又是自然与人工的不露痕迹的和谐结合。它本就富于诗意,富于清新朴素的美感。但劳动人民用自己的智慧创造出来的这种美的事物,能为文人所发现、欣赏并加以生动表现的却不多。仅此一端,也足以使我们珍视这首《引水行》了。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:李群玉《引水行》

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  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 11388 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000304s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000364s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000251s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 193 WHERE `id` = 11388 [ RunTime:0.001686s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000240s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000283s ]
0.075140s