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李贺《昌谷北园新笋四首(其二)》
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:226
  昌谷北园新笋四首(其二)
李贺
斫取青光写楚辞, 腻香春粉黑离离。
无情有恨何人见? 露压烟啼千万枝。
昌谷是李贺的家乡,那儿有青山碧水,茂林修竹。特别是竹,几乎遍地都是。“竹香满凄寂,粉节涂生翠”(《昌谷诗》)。李贺十分爱竹,在摩挲观赏之余,写了不少咏竹的诗句,有时还直接把诗写在竹上,以寄托自己的情思。
诗的前两句描述自己在竹上题诗的情景,语势流畅而又含蕴深厚。句中的“青光”指代竹皮,同时把竹皮的颜色和光泽清楚地显现出来;“楚辞”代指作者自己创作的歌诗。诗人从自身的生活感受联想到屈原的遭遇,这里因借“楚辞”含蓄地表达了郁积心中的怨愤之情。首句短短七个字,既有动作,又有情思,蕴意十分丰富。次句运用了对比映照的手法:新竹散发出浓烈的芳香,竹节上下布满白色粉末,显得生机勃勃,俊美可爱;可是题诗的地方青皮剥落,墨汁淋漓,使竹的美好形象受到污损。这里,诗人巧妙地以“腻香春粉”和“黑离离”这一对矛盾的形象,表现内心的幽愤。
后两句着重表达怨恨的感情。“无情有恨”,似指在竹上题诗的事。诗人毁损了新竹俊美的容颜,可说是“无情”的表现,而这种“无情”乃是郁积心中的怨愤无法抑制所致。对此,姚文燮有一段很精彩的评述:“良材未逢,将杀青以写怨;芳姿点染,外无眷爱之情,内有沉郁之恨。”(《昌谷集注》)诗人曾以“龙材”自负,希望自己能象新笋那样,夜抽千尺,直上青云,结果却无人赏识,僻处乡里,与竹为邻。题诗竹上,就是为了排遣心中的怨恨。然而无情也好,有恨也好,却无人得见,无人得知。“无情有恨何人见?”这里用疑问句,而不用陈述句,使诗意开阖动荡,变化多姿。末句含蓄地回答了上句提出的问题,措语微婉,然而感情充沛。它极力刻画竹的愁惨容颜:烟雾缭绕,面目难辨,恰似伤心的美人掩面而泣;而压在竹枝竹叶上的积露,不时地向下滴落,则与哀痛者的垂泪无异。表面看起来,是在写竹的愁苦,实则移情于物,把人的怨情变成竹的怨情,从而创造出物我相契、情景交融的动人境界来。
这是一首咏物诗。从头至尾写竹,却又无处没有诗人自己的面目精神在。竹的愁颜宛如人的愁颜,竹的哀情也与人的哀情相通。写竹又似写人,其旨趣在有意无意之间,扑朔迷离,使人捉摸不定,然而风神高雅,兴寄深微,远非一般直抒胸臆的诗篇可比。
此诗通篇采用“比”、“兴”手法,移情于物,借物抒情。就表现手法而言,写竹的形态是实,人的感情是虚;而从命意来说,则正好相反,写人的感情是实,竹的形态是虚,因为诗人写竹,旨在表达自己心中郁积已久的哀怨之情。读者在领悟了诗的题旨以后,竹的形象就与诗人自己直接抒情的形象迭合起来,不再是独立自在的实体。这样写,有实有虚,似实而虚,似虚而实,两者并行错出,无可端倪,给人以玩味不尽之感。
(朱世英)



有才子曰:诗词赏析:李贺《昌谷北园新笋四首(其二)》

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  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000252s ]
0.074351s