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元稹《重赠乐天》赏析
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:221
  重赠乐天
元稹
休遣玲珑唱我诗, 我诗多是别君词。
明朝又向江头别, 月落潮平是去时。
陆时雍《诗镜总论》说:“凡情无奇而自佳者,景不丽而自妙者,韵使之然也。”的确,有些抒情诗,看起来情景平常,手法也似无过人处,但读后令人回肠荡气,经久不忘。其艺术魅力主要来自回环往复的音乐节奏,及由此产生的“韵”或韵味。《重赠乐天》就是这样的一首抒情诗。它是元稹在与白居易一次别后重逢又将分手时的赠别之作。先当有诗赠别,所以此诗题为“重赠”。
首句提到唱诗,便把读者引进离筵的环境之中。原诗题下自注:“乐人商玲珑(中唐有名歌唱家)能歌,歌予数十诗”,所以此句用“休遣玲珑唱我诗”作呼告起,发端奇突。唐代七绝重风调,常以否定、疑问等语势作波澜,如“莫愁前路无知已,天下谁人不识君”(高適)、“休唱贞元供奉曲,当时朝士已无多”,这类呼告语气容易造成动人的风韵。不过一般只用于三、四句。此句以“休遣”云云发端,劈头喝起,颇有先声夺人之感。
好朋友难得重逢,分手之际同饮几杯美酒,听名歌手演唱几支歌曲,本是很愉快的事,何以要说“休唱”呢?次句就象是补充解释。原来筵上唱离歌,本已添人别恨,何况商玲珑演唱的大多是作者与对面的友人向来赠别之词呢,那不免令他从眼前情景回忆到往日情景,百感交集,难乎为情。呼告的第二人称语气,以及“君” 字与“我”字同现句中,给人以亲切的感觉。上句以“我诗”结,此句以“我诗”起,就使得全诗起虽突兀而款接从容,音情有一弛一张之妙。句中点出“多” “别”,已暗逗后文的“又”“别”。
三句从眼前想象“明朝”,“又”字上承“多”字,以“别”字贯串上下,诗意转折自然。四句则是诗人想象中分手时的情景。因为别“向江头”,要潮水稍退之后才能开船;而潮水涨落与月的运行有关,诗中写清晨落月,当近望日,潮水最大,所以“月落潮平是去时”的想象具体入微。诗以景结情,余韵不尽。
此诗只说到就要分手(“明朝又向江头别”)和分手的时间(“月落潮平是去时”),便结束,通篇只是口头语、眼前景,可谓“情无奇”、“景不丽”,但读后却有无穷余味,给读者心中留下了深刻印象。原因何在呢?这是因为此诗虽内容单纯,语言浅显,却有一种萦回不已的音韵。它存在于“休遣”的呼告语势之中,存在于一、二句间“顶针”的修辞格中,也存在于“多”“别”与“又”“别”的反复和呼应之中,处处构成微妙的唱叹之致,传达出细腻的情感:故人多别之后重逢,本不愿再分开;但不得已又别,令人恋恋难舍。更加上诗人想象出在熹微的晨色中,潮平时刻的大江烟波浩渺,自己将别友而去的情景,更流露出无限的惋惜和惆怅。多别难得聚,刚聚又得别,这种人生聚散的情景,借助回环往复的音乐律感,就更能引起读者的共鸣。这里,音乐性对抒情性起了十分积极的作用。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:元稹《重赠乐天》赏析

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