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元稹《六年春遣怀八首(其二)》
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:198
  六年春遣怀八首(其二)
元稹
检得旧书三四纸, 高低阔狭粗成行。
自言并食寻常事, 惟念山深驿路长。
元和四年(809)七月,元稹的原配妻子韦丛去世,死时年仅二十七岁。韦丛死后,他陆续写了许多情真意切的悼亡诗。《六年春遣怀》是他在元和六年春写的一组悼亡诗,原作八首,这是其中的第二首。
前两句说,一天在清理旧物时,寻检出了韦丛生前寄给自己的几页信纸。信上的字写得高高低低,参差不齐,行距也时阔时狭,不大匀称,只能勉强成行罢了。但这字迹行款,对于诗人来说,却是熟悉而亲切的。睹物思人,会自然唤起对往昔共同生活的深情追忆,浮现出亡妻朴质淳厚的面影。诗人如实描写,不稍修饰,倒正见出亲切之情,感怆之意。
三、四两句叙说“旧书”的内容。信中说,由于生活困难,常常不免要过“并食”而炊的日子(两天只吃一天的粮食),不过,这种清苦的生活自己已经过惯了,倒也视同寻常,不觉得有什么。自己心里深深系念的倒是你这个出外远行的人,耽心你在深山驿路上奔波劳顿,饮食不调,不要累坏了身体。信的内容自然不止这些,但诗人转述的这几句话无疑是最使他感怆欷歔,难以为怀的。那旧书上自言“并食”而炊,又怕丈夫为她的清苦生活而耽心、不安,所以轻描淡写地说这不过是 “寻常事”。话虽说得很平淡、随便,却既展现出她那种“野蔬充膳甘长藿”的贤淑品性,又传出她的细心体贴。自己“并食”仿佛不值一提,而远行于深山驿路的丈夫才是真正让人忧念的。真正深挚的爱,往往是这样朴质而无私的。诗人写这组诗的时候,正是他因得罪宦官被贬为江陵士曹参军,亟须得到精神支持之际,偶检旧书,重温亡妻在往昔艰难生活中所给予他的关怀体贴,想到当前孤孑无援的处境,能不感慨系之,黯然神伤吗?
悼亡诗是一种主情的诗歌体裁,完全靠深挚的感情打动人。这首题为“遣怀”的悼亡诗,却通篇没有一字直接抒写悼念亡妻的情怀。它全用叙事,而且是日常生活里一件很平常细小的事:翻检到亡妻生前写给自己的几页信纸,看到信上写的一些关于家常起居的话。事情叙述完了,诗也就煞了尾,没有任何抒发感慨的话。但读者却从这貌似客观平淡的叙述中感受到诗人对亡妻那种不能自已的深情。关键原因就在于:诗人所叙写的事虽平凡细屑,却相当典型地表现了韦丛的性格品质,反映了他们夫妇之间相濡以沫的关系,情含事中,自然无须另置一词了。
元稹的诗平易浅切,这在其他题材的诗歌中,艺术上往往利弊得失参半。但就这首诗而论,这种平易浅切的风格倒是和诗所表达的内容、感情完全适应的。悼亡诗在感情的真挚这一点上,比任何诗歌都要求得更严格,可以说容不得半点虚假。而华侈雕琢是往往要伤真的,朴质平易倒是表达真情实感的好形式。特别是当朴质平易和深厚的感情结合起来时,这样的诗实际上已经是深入浅出的的统一了。鲁迅所说的白描“秘诀”──“有真意,去粉饰,少做作,勿卖弄”,似乎特别适用于悼亡诗。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:元稹《六年春遣怀八首(其二)》

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  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000297s ]
0.139264s