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王涯《秋思赠远二首》
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:224
  秋思赠远二首
王涯
当年只自守空帷, 梦里关山觉别离。
不见乡书传雁足, 唯看新月吐蛾眉。
厌攀杨柳临清阁, 闲采芙蕖傍碧潭。
走马台边人不见, 拂云堆畔战初酣。
这二首诗,描写了诗人对妻子真挚专一的爱情,文笔洗炼,意境明朗,亲切感人,向为人们称道。
开头两句,前句说了“当年”,后句便含“至今”之意。“只自”是唐人口语,作“独白”讲,句中含有甘心情愿的意味。意思是:当年自己就立下心愿,与妻离别后,甘自独守空帷;几年来,常常是“梦里关山”——历尽千山万水,和妻子相会,但醒来却发觉两人仍处在别离之中。上句写宿志兼点处境,下句写梦幻兼诉情思,表现出诗人怀念妻子的深情。相传王涯对妻子情笃,虽做高官而“不蓄妓妾”(《唐才子传》),读他的这首诗,更觉其情真意切了。
后两句,上句说“不见乡书”,下句道“唯看新月”,从这对举成文的语气里,显示了诗人对家书的时时渴望;他该多么想望能象古代传说那样,突见雁足之上,系着妻子的信啊!乡书不见,唯见新月,一个“唯”字,写出了诗人无可奈何的怅惘。诗人对月怀人,浮想联翩,仿佛那弯弯新月就象娇妻的蛾眉。
短短四句诗,却写得感情深,情态真,末句以景结情,更给人以语近情遥,含吐不露的艺术美感。
从诗的内容看,第二首显然是写于穆宗朝诗人节度边陲之际。
古人送别,常常折柳相赠,因此,杨柳便成了伤别的象征。诗开头说,“厌攀杨柳临清阁”,“厌”字一贯全句,“杨柳”触起离思,自然厌之有理;官署中的 “清阁”,有似送别时的长亭,因此临清阁也令人伤情。诗人极力想避开这离思之苦,可又怎么能够呢?你看,他避开了清阁杨柳而游清池,那明艳动人的芙蕖(即荷花)却又向他笑了。“闲采芙蕖傍碧潭”,一个“闲”字,刻画出了诗人那种情不自禁的动作。芙蓉如面,莲步生春,诗人芙蕖在手,但仿佛跳入诗人眼帘的却是螓首蛾眉,美目盼兮的娇妻。这离愁真是既苦且甜,既甜且苦,懊恼缠人啊!但诗人转而又想,既有王命在身,自当以国事为重,于是笔锋一转,写道:“走马台边人不见,拂云堆畔战初酣。”“走马台”系指汉时张敞“走马章台街”之事。拂云堆,在朔方,代征战之地。这两句说:娇妻既在千里之外,想效张敞画眉之事已不可能,而现在边关多事,作为运筹帷幄的边关统帅,应以国事为重,个人儿女之情暂且放一放吧!诗人极力要从思恋中解脱出来,恰是更深一层地表现了怀念妻子的萦绕之情;也是对久别的妻子的说明,完满地表达了“秋思赠远”的题意。
这首诗是情思缠绵与健美风格的有机结合。前两句诗人将思远之情写得深情绵邈,卒章处却是开阔雄放。缠绵与雄放,一般是难得相容的,但在诗人的笔下,却达到了自然和谐的妙境,表现出诗人既富有感情又能正确对待的风度。诗的个性就在于此,作品的可贵也在于此。
(傅经顺)



有才子曰:诗词赏析:王涯《秋思赠远二首》

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0.077356s