搜索
当前位置:首页 > 诗路花雨
韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外二首(其一)》
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:226
  早春呈水部张十八员外二首(其一)
韩愈
天街小雨润如酥, 草色遥看近却无。
最是一年春好处, 绝胜烟柳满皇都。
这首小诗是写给水部员外郎张籍的。张籍在兄弟辈中排行十八,故称“张十八”。诗的风格清新自然,简直是口语化的。看似平淡,实则是绝不平淡的。韩愈自己说:“艰穷怪变得,往往造平淡”(《送无本师归范阳》)。原来他的“平淡”是来之不易的。
全篇中绝妙佳句便是那“草色遥看近却无”了。试想:早春二月,在北方,当树梢上、屋檐下都还挂着冰凌儿的时候,春在何处?连影儿也不见。但若是下过一番小雨后,第二天,你瞧吧,春来了。雨脚儿轻轻地走过大地,留下了春的印迹,那就是最初的春草芽儿冒出来了,远远望去,朦朦胧胧,仿佛有一片极淡极淡的青青之色,这是早春的草色。看着它,人们心里顿时充满欣欣然的生意。可是当你带着无限喜悦之情走近去看个仔细,地上是稀稀朗朗的极为纤细的芽,却反而看不清什么颜色了。诗人象一位高明的水墨画家,挥洒着他饱蘸水分的妙笔,隐隐泛出了那一抹青青之痕,便是早春的草色。远远望去,再象也没有,可走近了,反倒看不出。这句“草色遥看近却无”,真可谓兼摄远近,空处传神。
这设色的背景,是那落在天街(皇城中的街道)上的纤细小雨。透过雨丝遥望草色,更给早春草色增添了一层朦胧美。而小雨又滋润如酥。酥就是奶油。受了这样的滋润,那草色还能不新吗?又有这样的背景来衬托,那草色还能不美吗?
临了,诗人还来个对比:“绝胜烟柳满皇都”。诗人认为初春草色比那满城处处烟柳的景色不知要胜过多少倍。因为,“遥看近却无”的草色,是早春时节特有的,它柔嫩饱含水分,象征着大地春回、万象更新的欣欣生意。而烟柳呢?已经是“杨柳堆烟”时候,何况“满”城皆是,不稀罕了。到了暮春三月,色彩浓重,反倒不那么惹人喜爱了。象这样运用对比手法,与一般不同,这是一种加倍写法,为了突出春色的特征。
“物以稀为贵”,早春时节的春草之色也是很娇贵的。“新年都未有芳华,二月初惊见草芽”(韩愈《春雪》)。这是一种心理状态。严冬方尽,余寒犹厉,突然看到这美妙的草色,心头不由得又惊又喜。这一些些轻淡的绿,是当时大地唯一的装饰;可是到了晚春则“草树知春不久归”(韩愈《晚春》),这时那怕柳条儿绿得再好,人们也无心看,因为已缺乏那一种新鲜感。
所以,诗人就在第三句转折时提醒说:“最是一年春好处。”是呀,一年之计在于春,而春天的最好处却又在早春。
这首诗咏早春,能摄早春之魂,给读者以无穷的美感趣味,甚至是绘画所不能及的。诗人没有彩笔,但他用诗的语言描绘出极难描摹的色彩——一种淡素的、似有却无的色彩。如果没有锐利深细的观察力和高超的诗笔,便不可能把早春的自然美提炼为艺术美。
(钱仲联 徐永端)



有才子曰:诗词赏析:韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外二首(其一)》

主页 栏目 发现 阅读 我的
基本 文件 流程 错误 SQL 调试
  1. 请求信息 : 2026-04-28 09:17:40 HTTP/1.1 GET : http://www.caiziyue.com/index/mnews/article.html?id=11663
  2. 运行时间 : 0.210327s [ 吞吐率:4.75req/s ] 内存消耗:4,643.91kb 文件加载:150
  3. 缓存信息 : 0 reads,0 writes
  4. 会话信息 : SESSION_ID=650ab4b7a6a70676d8ec86645a59409d
  1. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/index.php ( 0.79 KB )
  2. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/autoload.php ( 0.73 KB )
  3. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/composer/autoload_real.php ( 1.63 KB )
  4. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/composer/platform_check.php ( 0.90 KB )
  5. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/composer/ClassLoader.php ( 15.99 KB )
  6. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/composer/autoload_static.php ( 5.14 KB )
  7. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper.php ( 8.34 KB )
  8. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-validate/src/helper.php ( 2.19 KB )
  9. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/helper.php ( 1.47 KB )
  10. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/stubs/load_stubs.php ( 0.16 KB )
  11. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Exception.php ( 1.69 KB )
  12. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-container/src/Facade.php ( 2.71 KB )
  13. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/symfony/deprecation-contracts/function.php ( 0.99 KB )
  14. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap.php ( 8.26 KB )
  15. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php ( 9.78 KB )
  16. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/symfony/var-dumper/Resources/functions/dump.php ( 1.60 KB )
  17. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-captcha/src/helper.php ( 1.37 KB )
  18. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-dumper/src/helper.php ( 0.18 KB )
  19. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/symfony/var-dumper/VarDumper.php ( 3.96 KB )
  20. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/App.php ( 15.30 KB )
  21. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-container/src/Container.php ( 15.76 KB )
  22. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/psr/container/src/ContainerInterface.php ( 1.02 KB )
  23. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/provider.php ( 0.19 KB )
  24. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Http.php ( 6.04 KB )
  25. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper/Str.php ( 7.29 KB )
  26. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Env.php ( 4.68 KB )
  27. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/common.php ( 17.22 KB )
  28. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/helper.php ( 18.78 KB )
  29. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Config.php ( 5.54 KB )
  30. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/app.php ( 0.95 KB )
  31. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/cache.php ( 0.78 KB )
  32. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/captcha.php ( 1.13 KB )
  33. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/console.php ( 0.23 KB )
  34. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/cookie.php ( 0.56 KB )
  35. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/database.php ( 2.18 KB )
  36. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Env.php ( 1.67 KB )
  37. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/filesystem.php ( 0.63 KB )
  38. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/lang.php ( 0.91 KB )
  39. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/log.php ( 1.35 KB )
  40. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/middleware.php ( 0.19 KB )
  41. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/route.php ( 1.89 KB )
  42. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/session.php ( 0.57 KB )
  43. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/trace.php ( 0.34 KB )
  44. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/view.php ( 0.82 KB )
  45. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/event.php ( 0.25 KB )
  46. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Event.php ( 7.67 KB )
  47. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/service.php ( 0.13 KB )
  48. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/AppService.php ( 0.26 KB )
  49. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Service.php ( 1.64 KB )
  50. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Lang.php ( 7.35 KB )
  51. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/lang/zh-cn.php ( 13.70 KB )
  52. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/Error.php ( 3.31 KB )
  53. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/RegisterService.php ( 1.33 KB )
  54. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/services.php ( 0.21 KB )
  55. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/PaginatorService.php ( 1.52 KB )
  56. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/ValidateService.php ( 0.99 KB )
  57. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/ModelService.php ( 2.04 KB )
  58. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-captcha/src/CaptchaService.php ( 0.52 KB )
  59. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Service.php ( 1.08 KB )
  60. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Service.php ( 0.77 KB )
  61. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Middleware.php ( 6.72 KB )
  62. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/BootService.php ( 0.77 KB )
  63. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/Paginator.php ( 11.86 KB )
  64. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-validate/src/Validate.php ( 63.20 KB )
  65. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/Model.php ( 23.55 KB )
  66. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/Attribute.php ( 21.05 KB )
  67. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/AutoWriteData.php ( 4.21 KB )
  68. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/Conversion.php ( 6.44 KB )
  69. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/DbConnect.php ( 5.16 KB )
  70. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/ModelEvent.php ( 2.33 KB )
  71. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/RelationShip.php ( 28.29 KB )
  72. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/contract/Arrayable.php ( 0.09 KB )
  73. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/contract/Jsonable.php ( 0.13 KB )
  74. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/contract/Modelable.php ( 0.09 KB )
  75. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Db.php ( 2.88 KB )
  76. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/DbManager.php ( 8.52 KB )
  77. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Log.php ( 6.28 KB )
  78. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Manager.php ( 3.92 KB )
  79. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/psr/log/src/LoggerTrait.php ( 2.69 KB )
  80. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/psr/log/src/LoggerInterface.php ( 2.71 KB )
  81. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Cache.php ( 4.92 KB )
  82. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/psr/simple-cache/src/CacheInterface.php ( 4.71 KB )
  83. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper/Arr.php ( 16.63 KB )
  84. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/cache/driver/File.php ( 7.84 KB )
  85. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/cache/Driver.php ( 9.03 KB )
  86. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/CacheHandlerInterface.php ( 1.99 KB )
  87. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Console.php ( 22.89 KB )
  88. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/Request.php ( 0.09 KB )
  89. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Request.php ( 55.78 KB )
  90. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/middleware.php ( 0.25 KB )
  91. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Pipeline.php ( 2.61 KB )
  92. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/TraceDebug.php ( 3.40 KB )
  93. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/middleware/SessionInit.php ( 1.94 KB )
  94. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Session.php ( 1.80 KB )
  95. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/session/driver/File.php ( 6.27 KB )
  96. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/SessionHandlerInterface.php ( 0.87 KB )
  97. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/session/Store.php ( 7.12 KB )
  98. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/MultiApp.php ( 7.06 KB )
  99. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Route.php ( 23.73 KB )
  100. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleName.php ( 5.75 KB )
  101. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Domain.php ( 2.53 KB )
  102. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleGroup.php ( 22.43 KB )
  103. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Rule.php ( 26.95 KB )
  104. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleItem.php ( 9.78 KB )
  105. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/dispatch/Controller.php ( 4.74 KB )
  106. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Dispatch.php ( 10.44 KB )
  107. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/index/controller/Mnews.php ( 20.48 KB )
  108. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/index/controller/Base.php ( 5.28 KB )
  109. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/BaseController.php ( 2.03 KB )
  110. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Request.php ( 9.20 KB )
  111. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/View.php ( 1.70 KB )
  112. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/View.php ( 4.39 KB )
  113. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Cookie.php ( 1.48 KB )
  114. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Cookie.php ( 6.06 KB )
  115. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/facade/Db.php ( 0.93 KB )
  116. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/connector/Mysql.php ( 5.44 KB )
  117. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/PDOConnection.php ( 52.47 KB )
  118. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Connection.php ( 8.39 KB )
  119. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/ConnectionInterface.php ( 4.57 KB )
  120. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/builder/Mysql.php ( 16.58 KB )
  121. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Builder.php ( 24.06 KB )
  122. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/BaseBuilder.php ( 27.50 KB )
  123. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Query.php ( 15.71 KB )
  124. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/BaseQuery.php ( 45.13 KB )
  125. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/TimeFieldQuery.php ( 7.43 KB )
  126. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/AggregateQuery.php ( 3.26 KB )
  127. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ModelRelationQuery.php ( 20.07 KB )
  128. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ParamsBind.php ( 3.66 KB )
  129. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ResultOperation.php ( 7.01 KB )
  130. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/WhereQuery.php ( 19.37 KB )
  131. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/JoinAndViewQuery.php ( 7.11 KB )
  132. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/TableFieldInfo.php ( 2.63 KB )
  133. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/Transaction.php ( 2.77 KB )
  134. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/driver/File.php ( 5.96 KB )
  135. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/LogHandlerInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  136. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/Channel.php ( 3.89 KB )
  137. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/event/LogRecord.php ( 1.02 KB )
  138. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/Collection.php ( 16.47 KB )
  139. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  140. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
  145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.003497s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001387s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002305s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000519s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002032s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000495s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000280s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001853s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000619s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001191s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000346s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001973s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000385s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000245s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000568s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 11663 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001509s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000523s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000260s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 227 WHERE `id` = 11663 [ RunTime:0.003050s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000299s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000330s ]
0.224787s