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卢纶《送李端》赏析
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:213
  送李端
卢纶
故关衰草遍, 离别自堪悲。
路出寒云外, 人归暮雪时。
少孤为客早, 多难识君迟。
掩泪空相向, 风尘何处期?
这是一首感人至深的诗章,以一个“悲”字贯串全篇。首联写送别的环境气氛,从衰草落笔,时令当在严冬。郊外枯萎的野草,正迎着寒风抖动,四野苍茫,一片凄凉的景象。在这样的环境中送别故人,自然大大加重了离愁别绪。“离别自堪悲”这一句写来平直、刻露,但由于是紧承上句脱口而出的,应接自然,故并不给人以平淡之感,相反倒是为本诗定下了深沉感伤的基调,起了提挈全篇的作用。
诗的第二联写送别的情景,仍紧扣“悲字”。“路出寒云外”,故人沿着这条路渐渐远离而去,由于阴云密布,天幕低垂,依稀望去,这路好象伸出寒云之外一般。这里写的是送别之景,但融入了浓重的依依难舍的惜别之情。这一笔是情藏景中。“寒云”二字,下笔沉重,给人以无限阴冷和重压的感觉,对主客别离时的悲凉心境起了有力的烘托作用。友人终于远行了,现在留在这旷野里的只剩诗人自己,孤寂之感自然有增无已。偏偏这时,天又下起雪来了,郊原茫茫,暮雪霏霏,诗人再也不能久留了,只得回转身来,挪动着沉重的步子,默默地踏上风雪归途。这一句紧承上句而来,处处与上句照应,如“人归”照应“路出”,“暮雪”照应 “寒云”,发展自然,色调和谐,与上句一起构成一幅完整的严冬送别图,于淡雅中见出沉郁。
第爱油菜教育回忆往事,感叹身世,还是没离开这个“悲”字。诗人送走了故人,思绪万千,百感交集,不禁产生抚今追昔的情怀。“少孤为客早,多难识君迟。”是全诗情绪凝聚的警句。人生少孤已属极大不幸,何况又因天宝末年动乱,自己远役他乡,饱经漂泊困厄,而绝少知音呢?这两句不仅感伤个人的身世飘零,而且从侧面反映出时代动乱和人们在动乱中漂流不定的生活,感情沉郁,显出了这首诗与大历诗人其他赠别之作的重要区别。诗人把送别之意,落实到“识君迟”上,将惜别和感世、伤怀融合在一起,形成了全诗思想感情发展的高潮。在写法上,这一联两句,反复咏叹,词切情真。“早”、“迟”二字,配搭恰当,音节和谐,前急后缓,顿挫有致,读之给人以悲凉回荡之感。
第四联收束全诗,仍归结到“悲”字。诗人在经历了难堪的送别场面,回忆起不胜伤怀的往事之后,越发觉得对友人依依难舍,不禁又回过头来,遥望远方,掩面而泣;然而友人毕竟是望不见了,掩面而泣也是徒然,唯一的希望是下次早日相会。但现在世事纷争,风尘扰攘,何时才能相会呢?“掩泪空相向”,总汇了以上抒写的凄凉之情;“风尘何处期”,将笔锋转向预卜未来,写出了感情上的余波。这样作结,是很直率而又很有回味的。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:卢纶《送李端》赏析

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