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岑参《凉州馆中与诸判官夜集》
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:242
  凉州馆中与诸判官夜集
岑参
弯弯月出挂城头, 城头月出照凉州。
凉州七里十万家, 胡人半解弹琵琶。
琵琶一曲肠堪断, 风萧萧兮夜漫漫。
河西幕中多故人, 故人别来三五春。
花门楼前见秋草, 岂能贫贱相看老。
一生大笑能几回, 斗酒相逢须醉倒。
这首诗中所说的凉州,治所在今甘肃武威,唐河西节度府设于此地。馆,客舍。从“河西幕府多故人,故人别来三五春”等诗句看,岑参此时在凉州作客。凉州河西节度使幕府中,诗人有许多老朋友,常欢聚夜饮。
“弯弯月出挂城头,城头月出照凉州。”首先出现的是城头弯弯的明月。然后随着明月升高,银光铺泻,出现了月光照耀下的凉州城。首句“月出”,指月亮从地平线升起,次句“月出”,指月亮在城头上继续升高。
“凉州七里十万家,胡人半解弹琵琶。”这是随着月光的照耀,更清晰地呈现了凉州的全貌。“凉州”,有的本子作“梁州”(今陕西汉中市)。这是因为后人看到“七里十万家”,认为甘肃凉州没有这种规模而妄改的。其实,唐前期的凉州是与扬州、益州等城市并列的第一流大都市。“七里十万家”,正是大笔淋漓地勾画出这座西北重镇的气派和风光。而下一句,就更见出是甘肃凉州了。凉州在边塞,居民中少数民族很多。他们能歌善舞,多半会弹奏琵琶。不用说,在月光下的凉州城,荡漾着一片琵琶声。这里写出了凉州城的歌舞繁华、和平安定,同时带着浓郁的边地情调。
“琵琶一曲肠堪断,风萧萧兮夜漫漫。”仍然是写琵琶声,但已慢慢向夜宴过渡了。这“一曲琵琶”已不是“胡人半解弹琵琶”的满城琵琶声,乃是指宴会上的演奏。“肠堪断”形容琵琶动人。“风萧萧兮夜漫漫”,是空旷而又多风的西北地区夜晚所给人的感受。这种感受由于“琵琶一曲”的演奏更加增强了。
以上六句主要写环境背景。诗人吸取了民歌的艺术因素,运用顶针句法,句句用韵,两句一转,构成轻快的、咏唱的情调,写出凉州的宏大、繁荣和地方色彩。最后一句“风萧萧兮夜漫漫”,用了一个“兮”字和迭字“萧萧”、“漫漫”,使节奏舒缓了下来。后面六句即正面展开对宴会的描写,不再句句用韵,也不再连续使用顶针句法。
“河西幕中多故人,故人别来三五春。”两句重复“故人”二字,见出情谊深厚。因为“多故人”,与各人离别的时间自然不尽相同,所以说“三五春”,下语是经过斟酌的。
“花门楼前见秋草,岂能贫贱相看老。”“花门楼”在这里即指凉州馆舍的楼房。二句接“故人别来三五春”,说时光迅速,又到了秋天草黄的季节了。岁月催人,哪能互相看着在贫贱中老下去呢?言下之意是要赶快建立功业。
“一生大笑能几回,斗酒相逢须醉倒。”一个“笑”字,写出岑参和他朋友的本色。宴会中不时地爆发出大笑声,这样的欢会,这样的大笑,一生中也难得有几回,老朋友们端着酒杯相遇在一起,能不为之醉倒!
这首诗把边塞生活情调和强烈的时代气息结合了起来。全诗由月照凉州开始,在着重表现边城风光的同时,那种月亮照耀着七里十万家和城中荡漾的一片琵琶声,也鲜明地透露了当时凉州的阔大的格局、和平安定的气氛。如果拿它和宋代范仲淹的《渔家傲》相比,即可见同样是写边城,写秋天的季节,写少数民族的音乐,但那种“长烟落日孤城闭”、“羌管悠悠霜满地”的描写,所表现的时代气氛就完全不同了。
至于诗所写的夜宴,更是兴会淋漓,豪气纵横,不是盛唐的人不能如此。“花门楼前见秋草,岂能贫贱相看老。”不是有感于时光流逝,叹老嗟卑,而是有着能够掌握自己命运的豪迈感,表现出奋发的人生态度。“一生大笑能几回”的笑,更是爽朗健康的笑。它来源于对前途、对生活的信心。同样,末句“须醉倒”,也不是借酒浇愁,而是以酒助兴,是豪迈乐观的醉。读者从人物的神态中,能感受到盛唐的时代脉搏。
(余恕诚)



有才子曰:诗词赏析:岑参《凉州馆中与诸判官夜集》

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  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000330s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000278s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000299s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000277s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000256s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000249s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000246s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000341s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000213s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000427s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 11830 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000308s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000403s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000234s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 243 WHERE `id` = 11830 [ RunTime:0.001588s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000242s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000262s ]
0.074919s