搜索
当前位置:首页 > 诗路花雨
杜甫《春望》赏析
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:252
  春 望
杜甫
国破山河在, 城春草木深。
感时花溅泪, 恨别鸟惊心。
烽火连三月, 家书抵万金。
白头搔更短, 浑欲不胜簪。
唐肃宗至德元载(756)六月,安史叛军攻下唐都长安。七月,杜甫听到唐肃宗在灵武即位的消息,便把家小安顿在鄜州的羌村,去投奔肃宗。途中为叛军俘获,带到长安。因他官卑职微,未被囚禁。《春望》写于次年三月。
诗的前四句写春城败象,饱含感叹;后四句写心念亲人境况,充溢离情。全诗沉着蕴藉,真挚自然。
“国破山河在,城春草木深。”开篇即写春望所见:国都沦陷,城池残破,虽然山河依旧,可是乱草遍地,林木苍苍。一个“破”字,使人怵目惊心,继而一个 “深”字,令人满目凄然。司马光说:“‘山河在’,明无余物矣;‘草木深’,明无人矣。”(《温公续诗话》)诗人在此明为写景,实为抒感,寄情于物,托感于景,为全诗创造了气氛。此联对仗工巧,圆熟自然,诗意翻跌。“国破”对“城春”,两意相反。“国破”的颓垣残壁同富有生意的“城春”对举,对照强烈。 “国破”之下继以“山河在”,意思相反,出人意表;“城春”原当为明媚之景,而后缀以“草木深”则叙荒芜之状,先后相悖,又是一翻。明代胡震亨极赞此联说:“对偶未尝不精,而纵横变幻,尽越陈规,浓淡浅深,动夺天巧。”(《唐音癸签》卷九)
“感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心。”这两句一般解释是,花鸟本为娱人之物,但因感时恨别,却使诗人见了反而堕泪惊心。另一种解释为,以花鸟拟人,感时伤别,花也溅泪,鸟亦惊心。两说虽则有别,其精神却能相通,一则触景生情,一则移情于物,正见好诗含蕴之丰富。
诗的这前四句,都统在“望”字中。诗人俯仰瞻视,视线由近而远,又由远而近,视野从城到山河,再由满城到花鸟。感情则由隐而显,由弱而强,步步推进。在景与情的变化中,仿佛可见诗人由翘首望景,逐步地转入了低头沉思,自然地过渡到后半部分──想望亲人。
“烽火连三月,家书抵万金。”自安史叛乱以来,“烽火苦教乡信断”,直到如今春深三月,战火仍连续不断。多么盼望家中亲人的消息,这时的一封家信真是胜过“万金”啊!“家书抵万金”,写出了消息隔绝久盼音讯不至时的迫切心情,这是人人心中所有的想法,很自然地使人共鸣,因而成了千古传诵的名句。
“白头搔更短,浑欲不胜簪。”烽火遍地,家信不通,想念远方的惨戚之象,眼望面前的颓败之景,不觉于极无聊赖之际,搔首踌躇,顿觉稀疏短发,几不胜簪。 “白发”为愁所致,“搔”为想要解愁的动作,“更短”可见愁的程度。这样,在国破家亡,离乱伤痛之外,又叹息衰老,则更增一层悲哀。
这首诗反映了诗人热爱国家、眷念家人的美好情操,意脉贯通而不平直,情景兼具而不游离,感情强烈而不浅露,内容丰富而不芜杂,格律严谨而不板滞,以仄起仄落的五律正格,写得铿然作响,气度浑灏,因而一千二百余年来一直脍炙人口,历久不衰。
(徐应佩 周溶泉)



有才子曰:诗词赏析:杜甫《春望》赏析

主页 栏目 发现 阅读 我的
基本 文件 流程 错误 SQL 调试
  1. 请求信息 : 2026-04-27 19:42:33 HTTP/1.1 GET : http://www.caiziyue.com/index/mnews/article.html?id=11921
  2. 运行时间 : 0.070672s [ 吞吐率:14.15req/s ] 内存消耗:4,643.87kb 文件加载:150
  3. 缓存信息 : 0 reads,0 writes
  4. 会话信息 : SESSION_ID=03fb819585530d73824bf3f4826d582d
  1. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/index.php ( 0.79 KB )
  2. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/autoload.php ( 0.73 KB )
  3. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/composer/autoload_real.php ( 1.63 KB )
  4. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/composer/platform_check.php ( 0.90 KB )
  5. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/composer/ClassLoader.php ( 15.99 KB )
  6. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/composer/autoload_static.php ( 5.14 KB )
  7. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper.php ( 8.34 KB )
  8. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-validate/src/helper.php ( 2.19 KB )
  9. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/helper.php ( 1.47 KB )
  10. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/stubs/load_stubs.php ( 0.16 KB )
  11. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Exception.php ( 1.69 KB )
  12. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-container/src/Facade.php ( 2.71 KB )
  13. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/symfony/deprecation-contracts/function.php ( 0.99 KB )
  14. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap.php ( 8.26 KB )
  15. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/symfony/polyfill-mbstring/bootstrap80.php ( 9.78 KB )
  16. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/symfony/var-dumper/Resources/functions/dump.php ( 1.60 KB )
  17. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-captcha/src/helper.php ( 1.37 KB )
  18. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-dumper/src/helper.php ( 0.18 KB )
  19. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/symfony/var-dumper/VarDumper.php ( 3.96 KB )
  20. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/App.php ( 15.30 KB )
  21. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-container/src/Container.php ( 15.76 KB )
  22. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/psr/container/src/ContainerInterface.php ( 1.02 KB )
  23. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/provider.php ( 0.19 KB )
  24. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Http.php ( 6.04 KB )
  25. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper/Str.php ( 7.29 KB )
  26. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Env.php ( 4.68 KB )
  27. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/common.php ( 17.22 KB )
  28. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/helper.php ( 18.78 KB )
  29. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Config.php ( 5.54 KB )
  30. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/app.php ( 0.95 KB )
  31. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/cache.php ( 0.78 KB )
  32. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/captcha.php ( 1.13 KB )
  33. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/console.php ( 0.23 KB )
  34. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/cookie.php ( 0.56 KB )
  35. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/database.php ( 2.18 KB )
  36. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Env.php ( 1.67 KB )
  37. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/filesystem.php ( 0.63 KB )
  38. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/lang.php ( 0.91 KB )
  39. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/log.php ( 1.35 KB )
  40. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/middleware.php ( 0.19 KB )
  41. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/route.php ( 1.89 KB )
  42. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/session.php ( 0.57 KB )
  43. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/trace.php ( 0.34 KB )
  44. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/config/view.php ( 0.82 KB )
  45. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/event.php ( 0.25 KB )
  46. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Event.php ( 7.67 KB )
  47. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/service.php ( 0.13 KB )
  48. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/AppService.php ( 0.26 KB )
  49. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Service.php ( 1.64 KB )
  50. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Lang.php ( 7.35 KB )
  51. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/lang/zh-cn.php ( 13.70 KB )
  52. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/Error.php ( 3.31 KB )
  53. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/RegisterService.php ( 1.33 KB )
  54. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/services.php ( 0.21 KB )
  55. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/PaginatorService.php ( 1.52 KB )
  56. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/ValidateService.php ( 0.99 KB )
  57. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/service/ModelService.php ( 2.04 KB )
  58. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-captcha/src/CaptchaService.php ( 0.52 KB )
  59. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Service.php ( 1.08 KB )
  60. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Service.php ( 0.77 KB )
  61. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Middleware.php ( 6.72 KB )
  62. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/initializer/BootService.php ( 0.77 KB )
  63. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/Paginator.php ( 11.86 KB )
  64. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-validate/src/Validate.php ( 63.20 KB )
  65. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/Model.php ( 23.55 KB )
  66. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/Attribute.php ( 21.05 KB )
  67. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/AutoWriteData.php ( 4.21 KB )
  68. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/Conversion.php ( 6.44 KB )
  69. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/DbConnect.php ( 5.16 KB )
  70. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/ModelEvent.php ( 2.33 KB )
  71. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/concern/RelationShip.php ( 28.29 KB )
  72. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/contract/Arrayable.php ( 0.09 KB )
  73. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/contract/Jsonable.php ( 0.13 KB )
  74. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/model/contract/Modelable.php ( 0.09 KB )
  75. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Db.php ( 2.88 KB )
  76. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/DbManager.php ( 8.52 KB )
  77. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Log.php ( 6.28 KB )
  78. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Manager.php ( 3.92 KB )
  79. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/psr/log/src/LoggerTrait.php ( 2.69 KB )
  80. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/psr/log/src/LoggerInterface.php ( 2.71 KB )
  81. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Cache.php ( 4.92 KB )
  82. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/psr/simple-cache/src/CacheInterface.php ( 4.71 KB )
  83. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/helper/Arr.php ( 16.63 KB )
  84. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/cache/driver/File.php ( 7.84 KB )
  85. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/cache/Driver.php ( 9.03 KB )
  86. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/CacheHandlerInterface.php ( 1.99 KB )
  87. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Console.php ( 22.89 KB )
  88. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/Request.php ( 0.09 KB )
  89. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Request.php ( 55.78 KB )
  90. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/middleware.php ( 0.25 KB )
  91. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Pipeline.php ( 2.61 KB )
  92. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/TraceDebug.php ( 3.40 KB )
  93. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/middleware/SessionInit.php ( 1.94 KB )
  94. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Session.php ( 1.80 KB )
  95. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/session/driver/File.php ( 6.27 KB )
  96. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/SessionHandlerInterface.php ( 0.87 KB )
  97. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/session/Store.php ( 7.12 KB )
  98. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/MultiApp.php ( 7.06 KB )
  99. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Route.php ( 23.73 KB )
  100. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleName.php ( 5.75 KB )
  101. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Domain.php ( 2.53 KB )
  102. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleGroup.php ( 22.43 KB )
  103. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Rule.php ( 26.95 KB )
  104. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/RuleItem.php ( 9.78 KB )
  105. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/dispatch/Controller.php ( 4.74 KB )
  106. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Dispatch.php ( 10.44 KB )
  107. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/index/controller/Mnews.php ( 20.48 KB )
  108. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/index/controller/Base.php ( 5.28 KB )
  109. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/app/BaseController.php ( 2.03 KB )
  110. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Request.php ( 9.20 KB )
  111. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/View.php ( 1.70 KB )
  112. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/View.php ( 4.39 KB )
  113. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Cookie.php ( 1.48 KB )
  114. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Cookie.php ( 6.06 KB )
  115. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/facade/Db.php ( 0.93 KB )
  116. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/connector/Mysql.php ( 5.44 KB )
  117. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/PDOConnection.php ( 52.47 KB )
  118. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Connection.php ( 8.39 KB )
  119. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/ConnectionInterface.php ( 4.57 KB )
  120. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/builder/Mysql.php ( 16.58 KB )
  121. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Builder.php ( 24.06 KB )
  122. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/BaseBuilder.php ( 27.50 KB )
  123. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/Query.php ( 15.71 KB )
  124. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/BaseQuery.php ( 45.13 KB )
  125. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/TimeFieldQuery.php ( 7.43 KB )
  126. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/AggregateQuery.php ( 3.26 KB )
  127. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ModelRelationQuery.php ( 20.07 KB )
  128. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ParamsBind.php ( 3.66 KB )
  129. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ResultOperation.php ( 7.01 KB )
  130. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/WhereQuery.php ( 19.37 KB )
  131. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/JoinAndViewQuery.php ( 7.11 KB )
  132. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/TableFieldInfo.php ( 2.63 KB )
  133. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/Transaction.php ( 2.77 KB )
  134. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/driver/File.php ( 5.96 KB )
  135. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/LogHandlerInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  136. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/Channel.php ( 3.89 KB )
  137. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/event/LogRecord.php ( 1.02 KB )
  138. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/Collection.php ( 16.47 KB )
  139. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  140. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
  145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000368s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000521s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000358s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000367s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000259s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000349s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000276s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000311s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000274s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000262s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000261s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000240s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000325s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000202s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000438s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 11921 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000298s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000346s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000238s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 253 WHERE `id` = 11921 [ RunTime:0.001675s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000245s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000268s ]
0.074631s