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刘眘虚《阙题》赏析
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:224
  阙 题
刘眘虚
道由白云尽, 春与青溪长。
时有落花至, 远随流水香。
闲门向山路, 深柳读书堂。
幽映每白日, 清辉照衣裳。
这首诗原来应是有个题目的,后来不知怎样失落了。唐殷璠《河岳英灵集》在辑录这首诗的时候就没有题目,后人只好给它安上“阙题”二字。
这首诗句句写景,画意诗情,佳句盈篇,可推为刘眘虚的代表作。诗描写深山中一座别墅及其幽美环境。一开头就写进入深山的情景。“道由白云尽”,是说通向别墅的路是从白云尽处开始的,可见这里地势相当高峻。这样开头,便已藏过前面爬山一大段文字,省掉了许多拖沓。同时,它暗示诗人已是走在通向别墅的路上,离别墅并不太远了。
“春与青溪长”,伴随山路有一道曲折的溪水,其时正当春暖花开,山路悠长,溪水也悠长,而一路的春色又与溪水同其悠长。为什么春色也会“悠长”呢?因为沿着青溪一路走,一路上都看到繁花盛草,真是无尽春色源源而来。青溪行不尽,春色也就看不尽,似乎春色也是悠长的了。
三、四两句紧接上文,细写青溪和春色,透露了诗人自己的喜悦之情。
“时有落花至,远随流水香”这二句,要特别注意“至”字和“随”字。它们赋予落花以人的动作,又暗示诗人也正在行动之中,从中可以体味出诗人遥想青溪上游一片繁花似锦的神情。此时,水面上漂浮着花瓣,流水也散发出香气。芬芳的落花随着流水远远而来,又随着流水远远而去,诗人完全被青溪春色吸引住了。他悠然自适,丝毫没有“流水落花春去也”的感伤情调。他沿着青溪远远地走了一段路,还是不时地看到落花飘洒在青溪中,于是不期而然地感觉到流水也是香的了。
总括上面四句:开头是用粗略的笔墨写出山路和溪流,往下就用细笔来特写青溪,仿佛是把镜头里的景物从远处拉到眼前,让我们也看得清清楚楚,甚至还可以闻到花香水香。
一路行走,一路观赏,别墅终于出现在眼前。抬头一看,“闲门向山路”。这里是没有多少人来打扰的,所以门也成了“闲门”。主人分明爱好观山,所以门又向山路而设。
进门一看,院子里种了许多柳树,长条飘拂,主人的读书堂就深藏在柳影之中。原来这位主人是在山中专心致志研究学问的。
写到这里,诗人从登山到进门的一路经历,都曲曲折折地描述下来了。但他不过把几件景物摄进镜头,并没有叙述经过,仅仅给你以几种不同的变化着的形象。
结末两句,诗人仍然只就别墅的光景来描写。“幽映每白日,清辉照衣裳。”这里的“每”作“虽然”讲。因为山深林密,所以虽然在白天里,也有一片清幽的光亮散落在衣裳上面。那环境的安谧,气候的舒适,真是专志读书的最好地方了。诗到这里,戛然而止,给读者留下了思索余地,更增加了诗的韵味。
全诗都用景语织成,没有一句直接抒情,然而情韵盈然,意境幽美。王国维说过:“一切景语,皆情语也。”(《人间词话》删稿)诗人巧妙地运用景语,不但写出风景,给风景抹上感情色彩,而且又藏有人物,人物的行动、神态、感情、心理活动乃至身份、地位等等,给读者带来了直觉的美感和形象之外的趣味。因而这首诗余韵萦绕,有一种异乎寻常的艺术魅力。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:刘眘虚《阙题》赏析

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  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000304s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 225 WHERE `id` = 11980 [ RunTime:0.001588s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000236s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000253s ]
0.075226s