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李白《望鹦鹉洲悲祢衡》
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:249
 望鹦鹉洲悲祢衡
李白
魏帝营八极, 蚁观一祢衡。
黄祖斗筲人, 杀之受恶名。
吴江赋《鹦鹉》,落笔超群英。
锵锵振金玉, 句句欲飞鸣。
鸷鹗啄孤凤, 千春伤我情。
五岳起方寸, 隐然讵可平?
才高竟何施, 寡识冒天刑。
至今芳洲上, 兰蕙不忍生。
这是一首怀古之作。乾元二年(759)冬或上元元年(760)春,李白在江夏写了长诗《经乱离后天恩流夜郎忆旧游书怀赠江夏韦太守良宰》,诗中云:一忝青云客,三登黄鹤楼。顾惭祢处士,虚对鹦鹉洲。”可见李白对祢衡是很敬仰的,这首《望鹦鹉洲悲祢衡》,可能是同时所写。
鹦鹉洲在湖北汉阳的西南,是长江中的一个小洲,和祢衡有密切关系。据《后汉书·祢衡传》记载:祢衡少有才辩,而尚气刚傲,好矫时慢物。孔融深爱其才,在曹操面前称赞他。曹操因被其辱,把他送与刘表。刘表又不能容,转送与江夏太守黄祖。黄祖的长子黄射在洲上大会宾客,有人献鹦鹉,他就叫祢衡写赋以娱嘉宾。祢衡揽笔而作,文不加点,辞采甚丽,鹦鹉洲由此而得名。后来,黄祖终因祢衡言不逊顺,把他杀了。李白一生道路坎坷,虽有超人才华而不容于世。这时,他从流放夜郎途中遇赦回来,望鹦鹉洲而触景生情,思念起古人祢衡来了。
诗的前四句,首先从刻画祢衡落笔,写他的性格和悲惨的遭遇。曹操经营天下,显赫一时,而祢衡却视之为蚁类,这就突出地表现了祢衡傲岸的性格。黄祖是才短识浅之徒,他杀了祢衡,正说明他心胸狭隘不能容物,因而得到了恶名。
接着四句,举出祢衡的名作《鹦鹉赋》,极赞他的杰出才华。这样一个才华“超群英”的人,命运却如此之悲惨,多么令人痛惜啊!于是引出下面四句。诗人对祢衡的遭遇愤然不平,他把黄祖之流比作凶猛的恶鸟,而把祢衡比作孤凄的凤凰。祢衡被残杀使诗人哀伤不已,心中如五岳突起,不能得平。
继愤激之情而来的是无限的哀惋。最后四句,诗人为祢衡的才华不得施展而惋惜,为他的寡识冒刑而哀伤。结句把兰蕙人格化,赋予人的感情,似乎兰蕙也为祢衡痛不欲生了。
这首诗,前八句怀古,后八句抒慨,表达了对祢衡的敬仰和哀惜,透出诗人心底怨愤难平之情。高步瀛评此诗:“此以正平(祢衡)自况,故极致悼惜,而沉痛语以骏快出之,自是太白本色。“(《唐宋诗举要》)这话是不无道理的。
诗中刻画人物十分精炼,抓住人物特征,寥寥几笔,以少胜多,突出了祢衡孤傲的性格和超人的才华。这两点是祢衡的不同凡响之处,也正是李白所引为同调的。诗中运用比喻、拟人等艺术手法,表现出强烈的感情色彩。他把黄祖之流比作“鸷鹗”,对凶残的权势者表示强烈的憎恨;把祢衡誉为“孤凤”,爱慕、怜惜之情溢于言表。由于恰当地运用了这些艺术手法,全诗形象鲜明,感情深沉而含蓄。
(郑国铨



有才子曰:诗词赏析:李白《望鹦鹉洲悲祢衡》

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  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000248s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 250 WHERE `id` = 11998 [ RunTime:0.002466s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000236s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000258s ]
0.076160s