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王勃《江亭夜月送别二首(其二)》
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:260
  江亭夜月送别二首(其二)
王勃
乱烟笼碧砌, 飞月向南端。
寂寞离亭掩, 江山此夜寒。
在王勃的《王子安文集》中,可以与上面这首诗参证的江边送别诗,有《别人四首》、《秋江送别二首》等,都是他旅居巴蜀期间所写的客中送客之作。与这首诗同题的第一首诗是:
江送巴南水,山横塞北云。津亭秋月夜,谁见泣离群?
两诗合看,大致可知写诗的背景,即送客之地是巴南,话别之所是津亭,启行之时是秋夜,分手之处是江边,而行人所去之地则可能是塞北,此一去将有巴南、塞北之隔。
沈德潜在《唐诗别裁》中选录了两首中的第一首,但就两诗比较而言,其实以第二首为胜。第一首诗最后用“谁见泣离群”一句来表达离情,写得比较平实浅露,缺乏含蓄深婉、一唱三叹的韵味,沈德潜也不得不指出其用意“未深”;而在写景方面,“山横塞北云”一句写的是千里外的虚拟景,没有做到与上下两句所写的当前实景水乳交融,形成一个完美和谐的特定境界,因而也不能与诗篇所要表达的离情互为表里,收到景与情会的艺术效果。而在艺术上达到了这一要求的,应当推第二首。在这诗中,诗人的离情不是用“泣离群”之类的话来直接表达的,而是通过对景物的描绘来间接表达。诗人在江边送走行人后,环顾离亭,仰望明月,远眺江山,感怀此夜,就身边眼前的景色描绘出一幅画面优美、富有情味的冮干月夜图。通首诗看来都是写景,而诗人送别后的留连顾望之状、凄凉寂寞之情,自然浮现纸上,是一首寓情于景、景中见情的佳作,兼有耐人寻味的深度和美感。
诗的前两句“乱烟笼碧砌,飞月向南端”,以烟笼月移,显示送别后夜色的深沉;后两句“寂寞离亭掩,江山此夜寒”,以亭掩夜寒,显示人去后周围的冷寂。这四句诗,分别来看,首句写的是地面景,次句写的是天空景,第三句写的是近处景,末句写的是远方景,看似各自独立的四个画面,而又相互关连,融合为一。黄叔灿在《唐诗笺注》中指出这首诗的“‘寂寞’句跟首句,‘江山’句顶次句”。这是说,一三两句都是写离亭,而门户深掩之景是与烟笼碧砌之景相照应的;二四两句都是写从离亭眺望所见,而江山夜寒之景又是与中天月驰之景相绾合的。这是一三两句之间与二四两句之间的承接关系。其实,一二两句之间与三四两句之间也有其内在联系。对月夜景色有体验的读者会知道,地面的烟雾往往随夜深月转而加浓。杜牧《泊秦淮》诗中的“烟笼寒水月笼纱”句和李存勗《忆仙姿》词中的“残月落花烟重”句,都是如实地写出了烟雾与夜月的关系。同时,对送别有体验的读者也知道,当行人未去、匆匆话别之际,是无暇远眺周围景色的,只有在行人已去、惘惘若失之时,才会从凝望中产生这种江山夜寒之感。谢逸《千秋岁》词中的“人散后,一钩新月天如水”句,所写的感受也与此相似。
黄叔灿在《唐诗笺注》中还称赞这首诗末句中的“寒”字之妙,指出:“一片离情,俱从此字托出。”这个“寒”字的确是一个画龙点睛的字,正如王国维在《人间词话》中所说,着此一字而“境界全出”。但诗中的任何一个字,都不可能离开句和篇而孤立地起作用。这个“寒”字在本句内还因“此夜”两字而注入离情,说明这不是通常因夜深感觉到的肤体寒冷,而是在这个特定的离别之夜独有的内心感受。而且,这首诗中可以拈出的透露离情的字眼,还不止一个“寒”字。首句写烟而曰“乱”烟,既是形容夜烟弥漫,也表达了诗人心情的迷乱。次句写月而曰“飞”月,既是说明时间的推移,也暗示诗人伫立凝望时产生的聚散匆匆之感。第三句写离亭掩而加了“寂寞”二字,既是写外界的景象,也是写内心的情怀。从整首诗看,诗人就是运用这样一些字眼把画面点活,把送别后的孤寂怅惘之情融化入景色的描写之中。而这首诗的妙处更在于这融化的手法运用得浑然无迹;从而使诗篇见空灵蕴藉之美。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:王勃《江亭夜月送别二首(其二)》

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  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000274s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000318s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000269s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000320s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000265s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000266s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000338s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000209s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000393s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 12210 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000312s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000359s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000252s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 261 WHERE `id` = 12210 [ RunTime:0.001592s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000222s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000262s ]
0.074292s