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宋之问《早发始兴江口至虚氏村作》
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:253
  早发始兴江口至虚氏村作
宋之问
候晓逾闽嶂, 乘春望越台。
宿云鹏际落, 残月蚌中开。
薜荔摇青气, 桄榔翳碧苔。
桂香多露裛, 石响细泉回。
抱叶玄猿啸, 衔花翡翠来。
南中虽可悦, 北思日悠哉。
鬒发俄成素, 丹心已作灰。
何当首归路, 行剪故园莱。
本篇作于诗人贬官南行途中。从诗中所写景物表现出来的新鲜感看来,似为他初贬岭南时所作。
开头四句,点题中的“早发”,交代了时间是在“春”、“晓”,并以晨空特有的“宿云”、“残月”极力渲染早发时的景象。“闽嶂”本指闽地的山岭,有时也可用作“岭嶂”的意思,泛指南国的山岭。这里用以借指从始兴县的江口地方至虚氏村途中经过的高山峻岭。“越台”即越王台,又作粤王台,是汉高祖时南越王赵佗在广州越秀山上所建的台榭。从诗题看,当时诗人已经抵达虚氏村,村子离动身地点江口在一日行程之内,距离广州尚有数百里之遥,是无法望见越王台的。所谓 “望”,只是瞻望前途的意思。“宿云”是隔宿之云。《庄子·逍遥游》写大鹏鸟,说它“翼若垂天之云”。这里见云而生鹏翼的联想,句意只是说宿云渐渐消散,天空变得明朗起来。第四句,古人以为,月亮的盈亏与蚌蛤的虚实相统一,月圆时蚌蛤实,月亏时蚌蛤虚。所以,诗人由“残月”而生“蚌中开”的联想。宋之问与沈佺期一样,上承齐梁余绪,讲究词采声律,从“宿云”二句的铺张笔法中,也可想见其“如锦绣成文”(《新唐书》本传)的诗风。
从“薜荔摇青气”开始的六句极写赏心悦目的南国景色,铺排有序,很见功力。前三句写树,错落有致:“薜荔”是一种木本蔓生植物,常绕树或缘壁生长。句中用一个富有动感并充满了生命力的“摇”字,生动地描画出了枝叶攀腾、扶摇直上与青气郁勃、无以自守的情态。“桄榔”则是一种亭亭玉立的乔木,与蔓生的薜荔对举,构图相当优美。加之碧苔依树,古色古香,与“薜荔”句表现出来的盎然生趣亦复形成鲜明的对照。“桂香”句既为画面添枝加叶,又使淡淡幽香透出画面。句中的“裛”,通“浥”,打湿的意思。在上三句中,诗人用笔由视觉而到嗅觉,“石响”句更进而写到听觉,由泉水奔泻的“石响”又转而看到回环流转的细泉。 “抱叶”二句转写动物:黑毛猴子攀附着树枝在叫唤,翡翠鸟衔着花在飞来飞去。这就使画面更充满活力,线条、色彩、音响以至整个情调更其动人了。
读到最后六句时,人们恍然大悟,原来诗人前面的铺排绘景是为了后面的写情抒怀。“南中”句使全诗的感情为之一顿,承上启下。“南中可悦”四字总括前面写景的笔墨,“虽”字是句中之眼,转出后面的许多文章。“北思”句直承“虽”字。从末句的“故园”可知,诗人的“北思”是思念故乡而非朝廷。“鬒(zhěn诊)发”,黑发。“鬒发”二句说明贬谪对他的打击,黑发俄顷变白,丹心已成死灰。在文势上,这两句稍作顿挫,用以托住“南中”二句陡然急转之势,并暗示官场的荣辱无常,更增强了自己的思乡之情。末两句的感情直承“鬒发”二句,并与“北思”二字相呼应。诗人直抒胸臆道:何时能走向返回故乡的路呢?“剪莱”,即除草。“行剪故园莱”,与谢朓“去剪北山莱”、王绩的“去剪故园莱”同义,都是要归隐田园的意思。从文势上来说,最后六句浑然一体,同时又有内在的节奏。比之于水势,“南中”二句似高江急峡,大起大落,“鬒发”二句江面渐宽,水势渐缓,至末两句化成一片汪洋,隐入无边的平芜之中。
此诗用词的艳丽雕琢与结构艺术的高妙,可以使我们对宋之问诗风略解一二。诗用的是以景衬情的写法。诗人不惜浓墨重彩去写景,从而使所抒之情越发显得真挚深切。然而对于今天的读者来说,这首诗的价值倒不在于诗人抒发了何种思想感情,而在于诗中对南中景物的出色描绘。诗人笔下的树木、禽鸟、泉石所构成的统一画面是南国所特有的,其中的一草一木无不渗透着诗人初见时所特有的新鲜感。特定的情与特有的景相统一,使这首诗有着很强的艺术魅力。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:宋之问《早发始兴江口至虚氏村作》

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  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000274s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000396s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000237s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000338s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000254s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000294s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000257s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000258s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000255s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000257s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000341s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000236s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000412s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 12215 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000306s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000368s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000273s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 254 WHERE `id` = 12215 [ RunTime:0.001572s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000254s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000253s ]
0.089225s