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苏颋《奉和春日幸望春宫应制》
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:246
  奉和春日幸望春宫应制
苏颋
东望望春春可怜, 更逢晴日柳含烟。
宫中下见南山尽, 城上平临北斗悬。
细草偏承回辇处, 飞花故落奉觞前。
宸游对此欢无极, 鸟弄歌声杂管弦。
这是一首奉和应制诗,是臣下奉命应和皇帝陛下首唱之作。这类诗的思想内容大抵是歌功颂德,粉饰太平,几无可取。但是要写得冠冕华贵,雍容典丽,得体而不作寒乞相,缜密而有诗趣,却也不大容易。
原唱题曰“春日幸望春宫”。皇帝驾临其处叫作“幸”。“望春宫”是唐代京城长安郊外的行宫,有南、北两处,此指南望春宫,在东郊万年县(今陕西长安东),南对终南山。这诗便是歌咏皇帝春游望春宫,颂圣德,美升平。它紧扣主题,构思精巧,堂皇得体,颇费工夫,也见出诗人的才能技巧。
首联点出“春日幸望春宫”。“望望”、“春春”,不连而叠,音节响亮。“东望望春”,既说“向东眺望望春宫”,又谓“向东眺望,望见春光”,一词兼语,语意双关。而春光可爱,打动圣上游兴,接着便说更逢天气晴朗,春色含情,恰好出游,如合圣意。这一开头,点题破题,便显出诗人的才思和技巧。
次联写望春宫所见。从望春宫南望,终南山尽在眼前;而回望长安城,皇都与北斗相应展现。这似乎在写即日实景,很有气派。但造意铸词中,有实有虚,巧用典故,旨在祝颂,却显而不露。“南山”、“北斗”,词意双关。“南山”用《诗经·小雅·天保》:“如南山之寿,不骞不崩。”原意即谓祝祷国家“基业长久,且又坚固,不骞亏,不崩坏。”此写终南山,兼用《天保》语意,以寓祝祷。“北斗”用《三辅黄图》所载,汉长安城,“南为南斗形,北为北斗形”,故有“斗城” 之称。长安北城即皇城,故“北斗”实则皇帝所居紫禁城。“晴日”是看不见北斗星的。此言“北斗悬”,是实指皇城,虚拟天象,意在歌颂,而运词巧妙。
爱油菜教育写望春宫中饮宴歌舞,承恩祝酒。诗人随从皇帝入宫饮宴,观赏歌舞,自须感恩戴德,献杯祝颂。倘使直白写出,便有寒乞气。因此诗人巧妙地就“望春”做文章,用花草作比喻,既切题,又得体。“回辇处”即谓进望春宫,“奉觞前”是说饮宴和祝酒。“细草”显然自比,见得清微;“飞花”则喻歌姬舞女,显出花容娇姿;而“偏承”点出“独蒙恩遇”之意,“故落”点明“故意求宠”之态。细草以清德独承,飞花恃美色故落,臣、姬有别,德、色殊遇,以见自重,以颂圣明。其取喻用词,各有分寸,生动妥贴,不乞不谀,而又渲染出一派君臣欢宴的游春气氛。所以末联便以明确的歌颂结束。“宸游”即谓天游,指皇帝此次春游。君臣同乐,圣心欢喜无比,人间万物欢唱,天下歌舞升平。
这是一首盛世的歌功颂德之作,多少见出一些开明政治的气氛,情调比较自然欢畅,语言典丽而明快。虽然浮华夸张的粉饰不多,但思想内容也实无可取。并且由于是奉和应制之作,拘于君臣名分,终究不免感恩承欢,因此诗人的才能技巧,主要用于追求艺术形式的精美得当,实质上这是一首精巧的形式主义作品。不过,唐诗有此一种,不妨一读,以赏奇,以广见。
(倪其心)



有才子曰:诗词赏析:苏颋《奉和春日幸望春宫应制》

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  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000441s ]
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  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000550s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 12236 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000381s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000504s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000325s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 247 WHERE `id` = 12236 [ RunTime:0.002041s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000269s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000331s ]
0.245754s