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李商隐的无题诗赏析
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-19 点击数:309
无  题
【李商隐】  

  之一

来是空言去绝踪,月斜楼上五更钟。

梦为远别啼难唤,书被催成墨未浓。

蜡照半笼金翡翠,麝薰微度绣芙蓉。

刘郎已恨蓬山远,更隔蓬山一万重。

  之二

飒飒东风细雨来,芙蓉塘外有轻雷。

金蟾啮锁烧香入,玉虎牵丝汲井回。

贾氏窥帘韩掾少,宓妃留枕魏王才。

春心莫共花争发,一寸相思一寸灰。

  【注释】

  刘郎,相传东汉明帝永平五年刘晨、阮肇入山采药,迷不得出,遇二女子,邀至家留居半年才还,后人以此典喻艳遇。

  蓬山,即蓬莱山,泛指仙境。

  韩寿,晋人,司空贾充的僚属,充每在家聚会,贾女从窗格中偷窥,见其貌美而爱之,与私通,充发觉后乃以妻寿。

  宓妃留枕:曹植《洛神赋·序》:“黄初三年,作朝京师,还济洛川。古人有言,斯水之神,名曰宓妃。感宋玉对楚王神女之事,遂作斯赋。”植过洛水时,忽见一女子来,赠所用枕。宓妃,传说中伏羲氏之女。

  无题

  之三

昨夜星辰昨夜风,画楼西畔桂堂东。

身无彩凤双飞翼,心有灵犀一点通。

隔坐送钩春酒暖,分曹射覆蜡灯红。

嗟余听鼓应官去,走马兰台类转蓬。

  李商隐的“无题诗”大多隐约、朦胧,表现含蓄、委婉,因此具有模糊性和不确定性,对李商隐“无题诗”的评析也众说纷纭。比如这首“无题诗”,有人认为是政治诗,也有人认为是爱情诗。

  以第三首为例。诗的首句中“昨夜”二字的连续出现两次,提示诗人是在今天回想往事,“昨夜”二字的情感含量大,说明诗人的记忆刻骨铭心。“星辰”与“风”,“画楼”与“桂堂”,暗示了诗人所经历的幸福时光和生活情景。

  第二联表现对爱情的体验与理解。彩凤比翼双飞,是美满爱情生活的象征;犀牛角的中央有纹理贯通两端,故又称通犀,诗人以此比喻双方情感的相通,展现心灵的感应和情意的契合,虽然二人各在一方,但心却是息息相通,这二句诗中所包含的深厚的底蕴,使后人赋予了它的哲理意味和人生内涵。

  第爱油菜教育中写到的送钩、射覆都是古代酒宴上的游戏,类似猜谜。二句以极华丽的语言描述了热烈欢快、酒暖灯红的场面。

  然而,正当诗人沉浸于对昨夜良辰美景的回忆时,远处传来了阵阵鼓声,天要亮了,诗人又该上朝了。“应官”也就是应付官差,包含着无可奈何、百无聊赖的心境。“蓬”是一种很小很轻的草,随风四处飘转,所以,在古代诗歌中,常以它来比喻飘零的生活,李商隐在这里也通过这一意象揭示了自己的人生境况。
 



有才子曰:诗词赏析:李商隐的无题诗赏析

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