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李商隐《小桃园》啼久艳粉薄 舞多香雪翻
作者:李商隐 发布日期:2024-04-07 点击数:2660

 

小桃园
李商隐〔唐代〕


竟日小桃园,休寒亦未暄。坐莺当酒重,送客出墙繁。

啼久艳粉薄,舞多香雪翻。犹怜未圆月,先出照黄昏。


《小桃园》是唐代李商隐创作的一首五言律诗。首联写小桃在园中竟日开放,寒气已尽,尚未暄暖。颔联写桃花坐听莺声,对酒低垂;繁枝出墙,似送客墙外。颈联写露重似啼久,使艳粉消褪;风多使花枝摇曳不止,落花缤纷如雪。尾联写桃花犹爱未圆之月,月在黄昏时先已出现,花月相窥,才不辜负大好春天。全诗笔触细腻,情景交融,有惜花惜春之意。

注释

1、竟日:全日,一整天
2、暄:暖。
3、坐莺:坐听莺啼。
4、香雪:喻花。翻:落。
5、未圆月:每月十五之前的月光。

译文

在这小桃园,我盘桓了一整天。寒意似乎没有了,却也难得有温暖气氛。
独自在桃园里坐听莺啼,对酒频斟。风吹拂出墙的桃枝,仿佛在殷勤送客,不停地上下翻动。
啼得久了,黏附在莺儿身上的花粉逐渐褪色;在风中舞得多了,疲倦的桃花化为落英。
最堪怜悯的还是那未圆的月亮,它匆匆先出,也许是希望一赏美艳的桃花,可怜的未圆月啊!它只能映照着寂寞的黄昏!

创作背景

这首诗作于会昌五年(845)春,题内小桃园是作者闲居永乐县时所修葺种植,诗人见幼时种植的树木已经长成,引发际遇的感伤,感叹时光易老,作者作品《永乐县所居一草一木无非自栽今春悉已芳茂因书即事一章》有表述。

作品鉴赏

“竟日小桃园”二句言已无寒意,却也未见温暖;由于第五句有“啼久”一词,则知此处之坐莺,应是指坐听莺啼。当风拂出墙之桃枝,不停地上下摆动,仿佛在频频送客。犹怜未圆月二句。未圆月,通常早见。就中国之阴历而言,每月十五以前的月光,往往不待黄昏即已出现。此联乃照应首句之“竟日”二字。见得未圆之月,也许想出来一赏美艳的桃花,可惜,艳粉已破,香雪随翻,早上的莺啼花舞,一到黄昏,已是落英满地。故月虽有意,也只是空照黄昏罢了。首句“竟日小桃园”,一开头即点出“竟日”,这以下均写竟日之事。竟日之所闻所见,是莺啼,是风,是月,是酒,并没有客人,只是风吹桃枝不停摆动作送客状;未圆月,仿佛是迟来的客人,而真正的主角,当然是作者自己,也仅在颈联隐约一现而已。写来如此热闹,究其实,只是无可名状的寂寞与空虚在咀嚼自己的心灵,而诗中,却巧妙地隐藏这一种情绪,从而令寂寞与空虚之感更深了,也更浓了。全诗有坐莺、送客、啼久、舞多,看似热闹非凡,实际上却只是写桃花,藉以显示出作者的寂寞之感,格调极高。

名家点评

清·姚培谦《李义山诗集笺注》:竞日之间耳,坐莺送客,热闹曾几何时,而粉薄香翻随之矣。若非黄昏早出之月,不几虚度此日也耶?

清·纪昀《玉谿生诗说》:极有情致,但格卑而五句尤纤。问第六句恐不是桃诗。曰香泉以为直似咏柳也。

清·李采田《李义山诗辨正》:此诗是当时宫体。

李商隐

李商隐(约813年-约858年),字义山,号玉溪(谿)生、樊南生,唐代著名诗人,祖籍河内(今河南省焦作市)沁阳,出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作,骈文文学价值也很高,是晚唐最出色的诗人之一,和杜牧合称“小李杜”,与温庭筠合称为“温李”,因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近,且三人都在家族里排行第十六,故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇,风格秾丽,尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻,优美动人,广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离,难于索解,至有“诗家总爱西昆好,独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中,一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳(今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处)。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。

 

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  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000303s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000420s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000332s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000340s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000273s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000275s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000395s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000335s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000492s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 1234 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000391s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000445s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000280s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2661 WHERE `id` = 1234 [ RunTime:0.001786s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000268s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000300s ]
0.089761s