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杨万里《夏夜追凉》夜热依然午热同 开门小立月明中
作者:杨万里 发布日期:2024-06-12 点击数:2544

 

夏夜追凉
杨万里〔宋代〕


夜热依然午热同,开门小立月明中。
竹深树密虫鸣处,时有微凉不是风。


《夏夜追凉》是南宋诗人、文学家杨万里创作的一首七言绝句。该诗撇开了暑热难耐的感受,而仅就“追凉”着墨,以淡淡的几笔,勾勒出一幅夏夜追凉图,表现了作者对大自然的无比热爱。全诗明晓通畅,毫无艰深之处,却又回味无穷。

译文及注释

译文


夜晚依然跟中午一样炎热,打开房门在月下稍微站一会。
竹林深处,虫声唧唧,感到有些凉爽之意,却没有风儿吹来。

注释

小立:暂时站立住。

名家点评

近代文学家、诗人陈衍《石遗室诗话》:“若将末三字掩了,必猜是说甚么风矣,岂知其不是哉。”

赏析

  全诗仅四句二十八字,该诗撇开了暑热难耐的感受,而仅就“追凉”着墨,以淡淡的几笔,勾勒出一幅夏夜追凉图,表现了作者对大自然的无比热爱。

  “追凉”,即觅凉、取凉。较之“觅”和“取”,“追”更能表现对“凉”的渴求,杜甫“忆昔好追凉,故绕池边树”(《羌村三首》其二)诗意可见。但这首诗在艺术处理上却有其独到之处:它撇开了暑热难耐的感受,而仅就“追凉”着墨,以淡淡的几笔,勾勒出一幅夏夜追凉图,其中有皎洁的月光,有浓密的树荫,有婆娑的竹林,有悦耳的虫吟,以及作者悄然伫立的身影。

  第一句貌似平直,其实也有一层曲折:中午时分,烈日暴晒,是一天中最为酷热的时刻,而今,“夜热”竟然与“午热”相仿佛,则“夜热”之甚,可想而知。唯其如此,才引出次句诗人月下独立的形象。“开门”,点出作者原在室内。或许他本已就寝,而因夜里天热的缘故,辗转反侧难以入梦,迫于无奈才出门纳凉。而“明月”,则点出正值“月华皎洁”的三五之夜。这样,作者“独立”的目的,应该说是“追凉”与“赏月”兼而有之,追凉可得体肤之适,赏月则可得精神之快,难怪他要独立不移、执着若此了。

  第三句是对周围环境的点染:竹林深深,树荫密密,虫鸣唧唧。“竹深树密”,见其清幽;“虫鸣”,则见其静谧——唯其静谧,“虫鸣”之声才能清晰入耳。诗人置身其间,凉意顿生,于是又引出结句“时有微凉不是风”,这一真切、细微的体验。“不是风”,点明所谓凉意,不过是夜深气清,静中生凉而已,并非夜风送爽。范成大《六月七日夜起坐殿取凉》诗亦云:“风从何处来?殿阁微凉生。桂旗俨不动,藻井森上征。”虽设问风从何来,但既然桂旗不动,可见非真有风,殿阁之“微凉”不过因静而生。人们通常说“心静自凉”,其理相若。因此,范诗实可与这首诗参读。

  显然静中生凉正是作者所要表现的意趣,但这一意趣并未直接点明。如果没有“不是风”三字,读者很可能将“凉”与“风”联系在一起。陈衍《石遗室诗话》早就指出:“若将末三字掩了,必猜是说甚么风矣,岂知其不是哉。”然而,这首诗的妙处恰恰也就在这里。作者故意直到最后,才将微露其本意的线索交给读者——既然明言“不是风”,善于神会的读者自当想到静与凉之间的因果关系;随即又当想到,前面出现的月光、竹林、树荫、虫鸣,都只是为揭示静中生凉之理所作的铺垫。这样,自然要比直截了当地道出本意更有诗味。大概这就是《石遗室诗话》所称道的“浅意深一层说,直意曲一层说”的旨趣。▲

创作背景

  宋孝宗乾道四年(公元1169年),年逾不惑的诗人回乡闲居,夜晚喜欢在故乡的一座廊桥上纳凉赋诗,该篇大约作于此时。

简析

  《夏夜追凉》是一首七言绝句。该诗对暑热难耐的感受闭口不谈,仅就“追凉”着墨,以淡淡的几笔,勾勒出一幅夏夜追凉图,表现了诗人对大自然的热爱与赏味之情。全诗明晓通畅,毫无艰深之处,却又回味无穷,蕴藉地表现了静中生凉的意趣,营造出清闲淡雅的诗境。

杨万里

杨万里(1127年10月29日-1206年6月15日),字廷秀,号诚斋。吉州吉水(今江西省吉水县黄桥镇湴塘村)人。南宋著名诗人、大臣,与陆游、尤袤、范成大并称为“中兴四大诗人”。因宋光宗曾为其亲书“诚斋”二字,故学者称其为“诚斋先生”。杨万里一生作诗两万多首,传世作品有四千二百首,被誉为一代诗宗。他创造了语言浅近明白、清新自然,富有幽默情趣的“诚斋体”。杨万里的诗歌大多描写自然景物,且以此见长。他也有不少篇章反映民间疾苦、抒发爱国感情的作品。著有《诚斋集》等。

 



有才子曰:杨万里《夏夜追凉》夜热依然午热同 开门小立月明中

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  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.002144s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.003565s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.006241s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.002918s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002836s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.002489s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.001738s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.005942s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.004645s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001757s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002040s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.003012s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.005042s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.001358s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.003224s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 1290 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002835s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.004290s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.004815s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2545 WHERE `id` = 1290 [ RunTime:0.006193s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002547s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001879s ]
0.638372s