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中秋节习俗:中秋食俗
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-22 点击数:188
中秋节这一天人们都要吃月饼以示“团圆”。月饼,又叫胡饼、宫饼、月团、丰收饼、团圆饼等,是古代中秋祭拜月神的供品。

相传我国古代,帝王就有春天祭日、秋天祭月的礼制。在民间,每逢八月中秋,也有左右拜月或祭月的风俗。“八月十五月儿圆,中秋月饼香又甜”,这句名谚道出中秋之夜城乡人民吃月饼的习俗。月饼最初是用来祭奉月神的祭品,后来人们逐渐把中秋赏月与品尝月饼,作为家人团圆的一大象征,慢慢的,月饼也就成为了节日的必备礼品。

月饼,最初起源于唐朝军队祝捷食品。唐高祖年间,大将军李靖征讨突厥靠月饼隐蔽的传话得胜,八月十五凯旋而归,此后,吃月饼成为每年的习俗

当时有经商的吐鲁番人向唐朝皇帝献饼祝捷。高祖李渊接过华丽的饼盒,拿出圆饼,笑指空中明月说:“应将胡饼邀蟾蜍”。说完把饼分给群臣一起吃。

南宋吴自牧的《梦粱录》一书,已有“月饼”一词,但对中秋赏月,吃月饼的描述,是明代的《西湖游览志会》才有记载:“八月十五日谓之中秋,民间以月饼相遗,取团圆之义”。到了清代,关于月饼的记载就多起来了,而且制作越来越精细。

月饼发展到今日,品种更加繁多,风味因地各异。其中京式、苏式、广式、潮式等月饼广为我国南北各地的人们所喜食。

月饼象征着团圆,是中秋佳节必食之品。在节日之夜,人们还爱吃些西瓜等团圆的果品,祈祝家人生活美满、甜蜜、平安。

据史料记载,早在三千年前的殷周时代,民间就已有为纪念太师闻仲的“边薄心厚太师饼”。汉代张骞出使西域,引入胡桃、芝麻等,出现了以胡桃仁为馅的圆形“胡饼”,唐高祖时,李靖出征突厥,于中秋节凯旋而归,当时恰有一个吐蕃商人进献胡饼,李渊很高兴,手拿胡饼指着当空的皓月说:“应将胡饼邀蟾蜍(月亮)。”随后分给群臣食之。若此说确实,这可能是中秋节分食月饼的开始。但“月饼”一词,最早是见于南宋吴自牧的红菱饼。

月饼是圆的,且被赋予团圆之意的朝代是明,刘侗《帝京景物略》说:“八月十五日祭月,其祭果饼必圆。”田汝成《西湖游览志余》说:“八月十五谓之中秋,民间又以月饼相遗,取团圆之义。”沈榜在《宛署杂记》中还记述了明代北京中秋制作月饼的盛况:坊民皆“造月饼相遗,大小不等,呼为月饼。市肆至以果为馅,巧名异状,有一饼值数百钱者。”心灵手巧的制饼工人翻新出奇,月饼上做出各种花样,彭蕴章《幽州土风吟》描述说:“月宫符,画成玉兔窑台居;月宫饼,制就银蟾紫府影。一双蟾兔满人间,悔煞嫦娥窃药年;奔入广寒归不得,空劳玉杵驻丹颜。”

清代,中秋吃月饼已成为一种普遍的风俗,且制作技巧越来越高。清人袁枚《随园食单》介绍道:“酥皮月饼,以松仁、核桃仁、瓜子仁和冰糖、猪油作馅,食之不觉甜而香松柔腻,迥异寻常。”北京的月饼则以前门致美斋所制为第一。遍观全国,已形成京、津、苏、广、潮五种风味系列,且围绕中秋拜月、赏月还产生了许多地方民俗,如江南的“卜状元”:把月饼切成大中小三块,叠在一起,最大的放在下面,为“状元”;中等的放在中间,为“榜眼”;最小的在上面,为“探花”。而后全家人掷骰子,谁的数码最多,即为状元,吃大块;依次为榜眼、探花,游戏取乐。

今天,月下游玩的习俗,已远没有旧时盛行。但设宴赏月仍很盛行,人们把酒问月,庆贺美好的生活,或祝远方的亲人健康快乐,和家人“千里共婵娟”。



有才子曰:中秋节习俗:中秋食俗

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  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000267s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000258s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000372s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000222s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000441s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 14934 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000330s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000404s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000255s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 189 WHERE `id` = 14934 [ RunTime:0.001857s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 103 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000426s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000279s ]
0.079252s