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晋文公退避三舍
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-22 点击数:192
晋文公即位以后,整顿内政,发展生产,把晋国治理得渐渐强盛起来。他也想能像齐桓公那样,做个中原的霸主。

这时候,正好周朝的天子周襄王派人来讨救兵。周襄王有个异母兄弟叫太叔带,联合了一些大臣,向狄国借兵,夺了王位。周襄王带着几十个随从逃到郑国。他发出命令,要求各国诸侯护送他回洛邑去。列国诸侯有派人去慰问天子的,也有送食物去的,可就是没有人愿意发兵打狄人。

有人对周襄王说:“现在诸侯当中,只有秦、晋两国有力量打退狄人,别人恐怕不中用。”襄王才打发使者去请晋文公护送他回朝。

晋文公马上发兵往东打过去,把狄人打败,又杀了太叔带和他那一帮人,护送天子回到京城。

过了两年,又有宋襄公的儿子宋成公来讨救兵,说楚国派大将成得臣率领楚、陈、蔡、郑、许五国兵马攻打宋国。大臣们都说:“楚国老是欺负中原诸侯,主公要扶助有困难的国家,建立霸业,这可是时候啦。”

晋文公早就看出,要当上中原霸主,就得打败楚国。他就扩充队伍,建立了三个军,浩浩荡荡去救宋国。

公元前632年,晋军打下了归附楚国的两个小国——曹国和卫国,把两国国君都俘虏了。

楚成王本来并不想同晋文公交战,听到晋国出兵,立刻派人下命令叫成得臣退兵。可是成得臣以为宋国迟早可以拿下来,不肯半途而废。他派部将去对楚成王说:“我虽然不敢说一定打胜仗,也要拼一个死活。”

楚成王很不痛快,只派了少量兵力归成得臣指挥。

成得臣先派人通知晋军,要他们释放卫、曹两国国君。晋文公却暗地通知这两国国君,答应恢复他们的君位,但是要他们先跟楚国断交。曹、卫两国真的按晋文公的意思办了。

成得臣本想救这两个国家,不料他们倒先来跟楚国绝交。这一来,真气得他双脚直跳。他嚷着说:“这分明是重耳这个老贼逼他们做的。”他立即下令,催动全军赶到晋军驻扎的地方去。

楚军一进军,晋文公立刻命令往后撤。晋军中有些将士可想不开啦,说:“我们的统帅是国君,对方带兵的是臣子,哪有国君让臣子的理儿?”

狐偃解释说:“打仗先要凭个理,理直气就壮。当初楚王曾经帮助过主公,主公在楚王面前答应过:要是两国交战,晋国情愿退避三舍。今天后撤,就是为了实现这个诺言啊。要是我们对楚国失了信,那么我们就理亏了。我们退了兵,如果他们还不罢休,步步进逼,那就是他们输了理,我们再跟他们交手还不迟。”

晋军一口气后撤了九十里,到了城濮(今山东鄄城西南),才停下来,布置好了阵势。

楚国有些将军见晋军后撤,想停止进攻。可是成得臣却不答应,一步盯一步地追到城濮,跟晋军遥遥相对。

成得臣还派人向晋文公下战书,措词十分傲慢。晋文公也派人回答说:“贵国的恩惠,我们从来都不敢忘记,所以退让到这儿。现在既然你们不肯谅解,那末只好在战场上比个高低啦。”

大战展开了。才一交手,晋国的将军用两面大旗,指挥军队向后败退。他们还在战车后面拖着伐下的树枝,战车后退时,地下扬起一阵阵的尘土,显出十分慌乱的模样。

成得臣一向骄傲自大,不把晋人放在眼里。他不顾前后地直追上去,正中了晋军的埋伏。晋军的中军精锐,猛冲过来,把成得臣的军队拦腰切断。原来假装败退的晋军又回过头来,前后夹击,把楚军杀得七零八落。

晋文公连忙下令,吩咐将士们只要把楚军赶跑就是了,不再追杀。成得臣带了败兵残将回到半路上,自己觉得没法向楚成王交代,就自杀了。

晋军占领了楚国营地。把楚军遗弃下来的粮食吃了三天,才凯旋回国。

晋国打败楚国的消息传到周都洛邑,周襄王和大臣都认为晋文公立了大功。周襄王还亲自到践土(今河南原阳西南,践音jiàn)慰劳晋军。晋文公趁此机会,在践土给天子造了一座新宫,还约了各国诸侯开个大会,订立盟约。这样,晋文公就当上了中原的霸主。

    面对强大的对手、明知不敌



有才子曰:晋文公退避三舍

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  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000324s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000347s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000435s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000334s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000471s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000266s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000622s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 15039 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000407s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000513s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000441s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 193 WHERE `id` = 15039 [ RunTime:0.001753s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 103 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000293s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000336s ]
0.117509s