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《天净沙·秋》孤村落日残霞 轻烟老树寒鸦 一点飞鸿影下
作者:白朴 发布日期:2022-08-23 点击数:3888

 

天净沙·秋
白朴 〔元代〕


孤村落日残霞,轻烟老树寒鸦,一点飞鸿影下。
青山绿水,白草红叶黄花。
 


 

《天净沙·秋》是元代曲作家白朴创作的一首写景散曲,作者通过撷取十二种景物,描绘出一幅景色从萧瑟、寂寥到明朗、清丽的秋景图。这是一首描写当时社会的抒情曲,写出了诗人由冷寂惆怅之感到开朗希望的情怀。这篇散曲用笔精深,风格独具,婉约清丽,意境新颖,颇有词的意境。

名家点评

作家、文学史家郑振铎《中国俗文学史》:他颇长于写景色,春夏秋冬四题已被写得烂熟,但他的《天净沙》四首,却情词俊逸,不同凡响。

译文及注释

译文

太阳渐渐西沉,已衔着西山了,天边的晚霞也逐渐开始消散,只残留有几分黯淡的色彩,映照着远处安静的村庄是多么的孤寂。轻烟淡淡飘向空中,几只乌鸦栖息在佝偻的老树上,远处的一只大雁飞掠而下,划过天际。远处一片青山绿水,白草、红叶、黄花互相夹杂,好一幅色彩绚丽的秋景图啊。

注释

天净沙:曲牌名。
秋:题目。
残霞:快消散的晚霞。
寒鸦:天寒即将归林的乌鸦。
飞鸿:天空中的鸿雁。
飞鸿影下:雁影掠过。
白草:枯萎而不凋谢的白草。
黄花:菊花。
红叶:枫叶。


鉴赏

  该曲虽和马致远的《秋思》有相似处,但却又自有特点。首二句以“孤村”领起,着意渲染秋日黄昏的冷寂。“一点飞鸿”给阴冷的静态画面带来了活力,造成曲子抒发情感的转移。接着诗人用青、绿、白、红、黄五色,以远及近、由高到低、多层次多侧面立体交叉式地描绘出秋日美丽的景象,使整个画面充满了诗意。此曲极富艺术张力,一笔并写两面,成功地将秋日迟暮萧瑟之景与明朗绚丽之景融合在一起,把赏心悦目的秋景作为曲子的主旋律,不失为又一篇写秋杰作。

  这首小令,只五句二十八个字,篇幅虽短,却以神来之笔捅绘出了一幅绝妙的秋景图。前三句着力渲染出一派深秋凄凉之景。黄昏时:如血的残霞映照着一座孤零零的小村庄,夕阳淡淡的炊烟袅袅,几只归巢的寒鸦,静静的站立在老树枝头,忽然,一只哀鸣的孤鸿,在天边晚霞影里远远的飞翔,而后两句,作者却将笔锋一转,写到:青山静静、绿水悠悠,白草绵绵,红叶片片,黄花朵朵,在暮色中,这些明丽的色彩,为这萧杀的气氛平添了许多生机活力。一扫前人一悲到底的俗套。

  写秋景,自然难免要烘托出萧瑟的气氛,但是如果全以萧瑟气氛为全篇的写作大旨,又会令读者感受到沈闷而有压力。为了避免出现这种情况,白朴在选用语辞时,便颇费心神。白朴在写秋景选词语辞精炼。前二句的“孤村落日残霞,轻烟老树寒鸦”,共用了六个图景:“孤村”、“落日”、“残霞”、“轻烟”、“老树”、“寒鸦”,而其中任何一个图景,都代表着秋日秋景的萧瑟气氛。为了要使这种萧瑟气氛活泼起来,于是作者接下来选用了“一点飞鸿影下”作为上半段的结语。如此一来,原本萧瑟的画面转成了活跃,寂寞的秋景彷佛也展现了另一种鲜活的生气。最后为了加强作者心目中秋景是美丽而有韵味的形象,因此再以“青山绿水,白草红叶黄花”作为曲文的结束语。这两句用了“青”、“绿”、“白”、“红”、“黄”五种颜色,而且“白草红叶黄花”这三种颜色,是交杂在“青山绿水”二种颜色之中;“青山绿水”是广大的图景,“白草红叶黄花”是细微的图景,如此交杂相错,于是原本是寂寞萧瑟的秋景,突然变得五颜六色而多彩多姿。由此可见,白朴的散曲写作技巧的高明了。

  描绘秋景,历来是中国古代文人喜爱的一个题材,为表现它而不惜笔墨的诗人骚客代代有之,留下的作品更是多不胜举,但许多作品易于流入俗套。白朴却能根据自己的观察和体验,在作品中,层次分明的描写了秋天的自然景象,虽然,在开始时,有些许的萧瑟之意,然而后来以缤纷的色彩作结,终究是赏心悦目韵味无穷的。他用笔精深,作品风格独具,婉约清丽,意境新颖,可与被誉为“秋思之祖”的马致远的《天净沙·秋思》媲美。这首小令不仅不俗,还很是典雅。词、曲有雅、俗之别,一般来说,词尚妩媚、含蓄,而曲贵尖新、直率。白朴的这支小令却有词的意境。曲中虽无“断肠人在天涯”之类句子,抒情主人公却时隐时现,在烟霞朦胧之中,传达出一种“地老天荒”的寂静。▲


创作背景

  白朴《天净沙》共四首,这是第三首,主要写秋景。是作者于宋亡后寓居金陵(今南京)时所作,具体创作年代不详。


白朴(1226—约1306) 原名恒,字仁甫,后改名朴,字太素,号兰谷。汉族,祖籍隩州(今山西河曲附近),后徙居真定(今河北正定县),晚岁寓居金陵(今南京市),终身未仕。他是元代著名的文学家、曲作家、杂剧家,与关汉卿、马致远、郑光祖合称为元曲四大家。代表作主要有《唐明皇秋夜梧桐雨》、《裴少俊墙头马上》、《董月英花月东墙记》等。

 



有才子曰:《天净沙·秋》孤村落日残霞 轻烟老树寒鸦 一点飞鸿影下

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  137. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/event/LogRecord.php ( 1.02 KB )
  138. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/Collection.php ( 16.47 KB )
  139. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  140. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
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  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001644s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001535s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000962s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001410s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000863s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001885s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.001737s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002557s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002365s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002562s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.002025s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001381s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001100s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000770s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001474s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 529 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001015s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001055s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000828s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 3889 WHERE `id` = 529 [ RunTime:0.002633s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000714s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000830s ]
0.159756s