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早岁那知世事艰,中原北望气如山的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:242
  早岁那知世事艰,中原北望气如山的意思

  年轻时哪里知道世事艰难,北望被金人侵占的中原气概有如高山。

  《书愤》

  陆游

  早岁那知世事艰,中原北望气如山。

  楼船雪夜瓜洲渡,铁马秋风大散关。

  塞上长城空自许,镜中衰鬓已先斑。

  《出师》一表真名世,千载谁堪伯仲间。

  赏析

  《书愤》是南宋诗人陆游创作的五首七言律诗,其中第一首是作者的经典作品之一。该诗系宋孝宗淳熙十三年(1186)春陆游居家家乡山阴时所作。陆游时年已六十二,想那山河破碎,中原未收而“报国欲死无战场”,感于世事多艰,小人误国而“书生无地效孤忠”,于是,诗人郁愤之情便喷薄而出,遂成此组诗。“书愤”者,抒发胸中郁愤之情。

  本诗系宋孝宗淳熙十三年(1186)春陆游居家乡山阴时所作。陆游时年六十有一,这分明是时不待我的年龄。

  前四句概括了自己青壮年时期的豪情壮志和战斗生活情景,其中颔联撷取了两个最能体现“气如山”的画面来表现,不用一个动词,却境界全出,饱含着浓厚的边地气氛和高昂的战斗情绪。又妙在对仗工整,顿挫铿锵,且一气贯注,组接无痕,以其雄放豪迈的气势成为千古传诵的名联。

  “早岁那知世事艰,中原北望气如山。”当英雄无用武之地时,他会回到金戈铁马的记忆里去的。想当年,诗人北望中原,收复失地的壮心豪气,有如山涌,何等气魄!诗人何曾想过杀敌报国之路竟会如此艰难?以为我本无私,倾力报国,那么国必成全于我,孰料竟有奸人作梗、破坏以至于屡遭罢黜?诗人开篇一自问,问出多少郁愤?

  后四句抒发壮心未遂、时光虚掷、功业难成的悲愤之气,但悲愤而不感伤颓废。尾联以诸葛亮自比,不满和悲叹之情交织在—起,展现了诗人复杂的内心世界。

  再看尾联。亦用典明志。诸葛亮坚持北伐,虽“出师一表真名世”,但终归名满天宇,“千载谁堪伯仲间”。追慕先贤的业绩,表明自己的爱国热情至老不移,渴望效仿诸葛亮,施展抱负。

  回看整首诗歌,可见句句是愤,字字是愤。以愤而为诗,诗便尽是愤。

  “楼船”二句,写宋兵在东南和西北抗击金兵进犯事,也概括诗人过去游踪所至。宋高宗绍兴三十一年(1161)十一月,金主完颜亮南侵,宋军在瓜洲一带拒守,后金兵溃退。上句指此。宋孝宗乾道八年(1172年),陆游正在南郑参加王炎军幕事,诗人与王炎积极筹划进兵长安,曾强渡渭水,与金兵在大散关发生遭遇战。下句指此。这两句概括的辉煌的过去恰与“有心杀贼,无力回天”的眼前形成鲜明对比。“良时恐作他年恨,大散关头又一秋。”想今日恢复中原之机不再,诗人之心何啻于泣血?从诗艺角度看,这两句诗也足见陆游浩荡诗才。“楼船”(雄伟的战舰)与“夜雪”,“铁马”与“秋风”,意象两两相合,便有两幅开阔、壮盛的战场画卷。意象选取甚为干净、典型。

  “塞上长城”句,诗人用典明志。南朝时刘宋名将檀道济曾自称为“万里长城”。皇帝要杀他,他说:“自毁汝万里长城。”陆游以此自许,可见其少时之磅礴大气,捍卫国家,扬威边地,舍我其谁?然而,如今呢?诗人壮志未酬的苦闷全悬于一个“空”字。大志落空,奋斗落空,一切落空,而揽镜自照,却是衰鬓先斑,皓首皤皤!两相比照,何等悲怆?再想,这一结局,非我不尽志所致,非我不尽力所致,而是小人误我,世事磨我!我有心,天不予。悲怆便为郁愤。[11]

  再看尾联。亦用典明志。诸葛坚持北伐,虽“出师一表真名世”,但终归名满天宇,“千载谁堪伯仲间”。千载而下,有谁可与相提并论呢?很明显,诗人用典意在贬斥那朝野上下主降的碌碌小人,表明自己恢复中原之志亦将“名世”。诗人在现实里找不到安慰,便只好将渴求慰藉的灵魂放到未来,这自然是无奈之举。而诗人一腔郁愤也就只好倾泄于这无奈了。 通过诸葛亮的典故,追慕先贤的业绩,表明自己的爱国热情至老不移,渴望效法诸葛亮,施展抱负。回看整首诗歌,可见句句是愤,字字是愤。以愤而为诗,诗便尽是愤。

  【译文】

  年轻时哪里知道世事艰难,北望被金人侵占的中原气概有如高山。

  赞赏刘锜等曾乘着高大的战舰在雪夜里大破金兵于瓜州渡口,吴璘等也曾骑着披甲的战马在秋风中大败金兵于大散关。

  我白白地自认为是边防上的长城,对镜照看衰老的头发早已花白。

  《出师表》这篇文章真是名传后世,千年以来谁能与诸葛亮相比呢?



有才子曰:诗词大全:早岁那知世事艰,中原北望气如山的意思

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  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000353s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000476s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000309s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000380s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000254s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000344s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000264s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000288s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000266s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000268s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000252s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000244s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000339s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000208s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000430s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 5554 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000317s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000369s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000258s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 243 WHERE `id` = 5554 [ RunTime:0.001590s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000252s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000256s ]
0.073595s