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客子光阴诗卷里,杏花消息雨声中什么意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:235
  客子光阴诗卷里,杏花消息雨声中什么意思?

  我寓居他乡,在吟诗作赋中淡泊度日。杏花时节,伴随着窗外稀稀落落的雨声,我时常探听远方好友的音讯。

  《怀天经、智老,因访之》

  陈与义

  今年二月冻初融,睡起苕溪绿向东。

  客子光阴诗卷里,杏花消息雨声中。

  西庵禅伯还多病,北栅儒先只固穷。

  忽忆轻舟寻二子,纶巾鹤氅试春风。

  赏析

  公元1136年(宋高宗绍兴六年)旧历二月,陈与义寓居苕溪畔的青镇,怀念对岸的两位朋友天经和智老,因而写下这首诗。

  作品的开篇写时间变化,一夜之间,春水已涨,尽向东流,顿生怀友、访友之意。但笔意至此,先出一折,从自己写起。安于贫贱,甘于淡泊,在吟诗作赋的生涯中,看到杏花春雨又送来一个春天,心中充满了顺适之感。自己如此,友人也是一样。所以下面写到禅伯之多病,儒先之固穷。实则写己即写友,写友即写己,二者交相为用,互为生发,以见出心灵的相契,见出溪涨思友的心理依据。有了前面的铺垫,末二句就顺理成章地踏上了访友的路途。至于见到友人后的情形,却全都忽略了,留给读者自己去想像。但作者另有一诗题为《与智老天经夜坐》:“残年不复徙他邦,长与两禅同夜釭。坐到更深都寂寂,雪花无数落天窗。”其中对雨夜谈禅的描写,正可与此诗互相补充。

  “客子光阴诗卷里,杏花消息雨声中”是陈与义的名句,曾经得到宋高宗的激赏。这一联写诗人观赏杏花,以诗自娱,以自然清新的笔触表现了诗人的平淡闲适之情,却并未道出诗人是喜是悲,是苦是乐,给读者留下了想象空间。就对仗来说,此联除了“里”、“中”外,其余都不算工对,但也正因为如此,反映了作者在古典诗歌的对仗艺术上所作的探索,因而曾被魏庆之的《诗人玉屑》列为“宋朝警句”。方回在《瀛奎律髓》卷二十六中对此作了分析:“以客子对杏花,以雨声对诗卷,一我一物,一景一情,变化至此。乃老杜‘即今蓬鬓改,但愧菊花开’,贾岛‘身事岂能遂,兰花又已开’,翻窠换臼,至简斋而益奇也。”对仗要求和谐工稳,是六朝以来的总体趋势;但至唐代发展到极致以后,一些有创造性的诗人如杜甫、韩愈等又致力于打破已成模式化的对仗方式,力图求新求变,突破这种工稳,以求得在不平衡中的平衡。到了宋人手里,就更是有意识地忽略字面上的工稳,而着重于两句之间的内在联系。陈与义的这一联,上句写客中吟咏送日的宁静、淡泊,下联写一个清丽的境界,从而构成一个和谐的整体。至于两句之间在字面上是否的对,倒没有特别注意。从这个角度看,这联诗也反映了宋人对唐诗的发展。

  译文

  今年二月早春时节,冰雪都开始融化了,寒冬时节沉睡了已久的苕溪,夹带着几丝绿色,潺潺涓涓,向东流去。我寓居他乡,在吟诗作赋中淡泊度日。杏花时节,伴随着窗外稀稀落落的雨声,我时常探听远方好友的音讯。西庵所居住的智老精于禅学,但病魔缠身;北栅所居住的天经精于儒学,又安于穷困。我忽然想念他们,于是就荡舟寻访这二位老友。在春风的吹拂下,我头戴纶巾,身披鹤氅,是何等的风流俊逸!



有才子曰:诗词大全:客子光阴诗卷里,杏花消息雨声中什么意思

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  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000365s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000236s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 236 WHERE `id` = 5584 [ RunTime:0.001640s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000245s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000295s ]
0.073784s