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平芜尽处是春山,行人更在春山外的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:214
  平芜尽处是春山,行人更在春山外的意思

  平坦的草地尽头是青山,而你的远行人,更比青山远,你想看上一眼,可怎么会看得见。

  《踏莎行》

  欧阳修

  候馆梅残,溪桥柳细,草熏风暖摇征辔。离愁渐远渐无穷。迢迢不断如春水。

  寸寸柔肠,盈盈粉泪,楼高莫近危栏倚。平芜尽处是春山,行人更在春山外。

  赏析

  这是一首抒写离情别愁的词作。上片写行者的离愁,下片写行者的遥想即思妇的别恨,从游子和思妇两个不同的角度深化了离别的主题。全词以优美的想象、贴切的比喻、新颖的构思,含蓄蕴藉地制造出一种“迢迢不断如春水”的情思,一种情深意远的境界。

  上片写游子旅途中所见所感。开头三句是一幅洋溢着春天气息的溪山行旅旅舍旁的梅花已经开过了,只剩下几朵残英,溪桥边的柳树刚抽出细嫩的枝叶。暖风吹送着春草的芳香,远行的人就在这美好的环境中摇动马缰,赶马行路。以对句开头。候馆、溪桥,点明征途;梅残、柳细、草薰、风暖,点明时节,暗示时令正当仲春。这正是最易使人动情的季节。从“摇征辔”的“摇”字中可以想象行人骑着马儿顾盼徐行的情景。以上三句的每一个静态或动态的景象,都具有多重含义和功能。廖廖数语,便写出了时间、地点、景物、气候、事件和人物的举动、神情。

  开头三句以实景暗示、烘托离别,而三、四两句则由丽景转入对离情的描写:“离愁渐远渐无穷,迢迢不断如春水。”因为所别者是自己深爱的人,所以这离愁便随着分别时间之久、相隔路程之长越积越多,就像眼前这伴着自己的一溪春水一样,来路无穷,去程不尽。此二句即景设喻,即物生情,以水喻愁,写得自然贴切而又柔美含蓄。抽象的感情,在词人的笔下,变成了具体的形象,使人容易感受,容易亲切。“离愁渐远渐无穷”这七字,构思巧妙,着意在“远”与“无穷”的关系上。离愁可以说轻重,而这里却说它无穷,而且是越远越无穷。这就把旅人在路上走着的感觉,形象而又生动地表现出来了。而以“春水”喻愁,暗承李煜“问君能有几多愁?恰似一江春水向东流”之意,并与“溪桥”一语相应。但与李煜的愁情汹涌不同,这里所表现的主要是一种不断加深又持续相生的离愁形成过程。

  上片行文,一扬一抑。先是将春色饱满地描写一番,让人觉得春光实在明媚可爱,然后笔锋一转,折入旅人的怀乡之情,把离情浓愁加以夸张,加以渲染,形成强烈的激射。

  下片写行者自己感到离愁之无穷无尽,于是推想到楼上的闺中少妇对陌上游子的深切思念。“寸寸柔肠,盈盈粉泪。”过片两对句,由陌上行人转笔写楼头思妇。“柔肠 ”而说“ 寸寸”,“粉泪”而说“盈盈”,显示出女子思绪的缠绵深切。从“迢迢春水”到“寸寸肠”、“盈盈泪”,其间又有一种自然的联系。

  接下来一句“楼高莫近危阑倚”,是行人在心里对泪眼盈盈的闺中人深情的体贴和嘱咐,也是思妇既希望登高眺望游子踪影又明知徒然的内心挣扎。词人由自己的离愁,推想到了家里的她的“寸寸柔肠”、“盈盈粉泪”的离愁,又由离愁而想到了她临高倚栏远眺,想到了她登高远望而又不见的愁更愁,行文上层层深入,有如剥蕉。

  煞拍两句语淡而情深,写少妇的凝望和想象,是游子想象闺中人凭高望远而不见所思之人的情景:展现在楼前的,是一片杂草繁茂的原野,原野的尽头是隐隐春山,所思念的行人,更远在春山之外,渺不可寻。这春山是倚楼远望的闺中人穷尽目力所能达到的地方,又是她的想象所能达到的极限,远方到底怎样,她不得而知。然而越过了春山,也就是越过了她的目力和想象之所及,但她还是要倚那危栏。这两句重复“春山”,用意深刻,不但写出了楼头思妇凝目远望、神驰天外的情景,而且透出了她的一往情深,正越过春山的阻隔,一直伴随着渐行渐远的征人飞向天涯。行者不仅想象到居者登高怀远,而且深入到对方的心灵对自己的追踪。如此写来,情意深长而又哀婉欲绝。远行的旅人如此为闺人所想,就显得两人感情的愈加深厚,离别的愈加苦痛了。这就是结句“行人更在春山外”数百年来,不知感动过多少人的缘故吧。

  此词由陌上游子而及楼头思妇,由实景而及想象,上下片层层递进,以发散式结构将离愁别恨表达得荡气回肠、意味深长。这种透过一层从对面写来的手法,带来了强烈的美感效果。沈际飞《草堂诗余正集》云:“春水春山走对妙。望断江南山色,远人不见草连空,一望无际矣。尽处是春山,更在春山外,转望转远矣。当取以合看。”从全词来看,起得平缓,结得舒徐。上、下片一实写一虚写,虚实之中皆以浓情浇灌,离愁与词境俱进深进远,堪称是婉约词中的杰构。

  这首词写春景发离愁,景愈佳而愁愈深,淡语浓情,“不厌百回读。”

  译文

  春暖了,旅舍的寒梅日渐凋谢,只剩细细碎碎几片残瓣儿;溪桥边的柳树却萌出了浅绿嫩芽。暖暖的春风在大地上拂过,风中带了花草芳香,远行的人,也都在这时动身了。在这美好的春光里,我也送走了你。你渐行渐远,我的愁绪也渐生渐多,就像眼前这一江春水,来路无穷,去程不尽。于是只好上楼远望你离去的方向,期盼能够早归。然而,映入眼帘的,只是绵绵无绝的春草原野,原野尽处是隐隐青山。而你,更在遥远的青山之外,渺不可寻!



有才子曰:诗词大全:平芜尽处是春山,行人更在春山外的意思

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  135. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/LogHandlerInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  136. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/Channel.php ( 3.89 KB )
  137. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/event/LogRecord.php ( 1.02 KB )
  138. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/Collection.php ( 16.47 KB )
  139. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  140. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
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  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000353s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000537s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000291s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000395s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000239s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000347s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000263s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000325s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000262s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000318s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000259s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000265s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000332s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000212s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000402s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 5601 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000314s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000332s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000275s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 215 WHERE `id` = 5601 [ RunTime:0.002117s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000242s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000284s ]
0.074259s