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王维《春中田园作》归燕识故巢 旧人看新历
作者:王维 发布日期:2022-09-29 点击数:2831

 

春中田园作
王维 〔唐代〕


屋上春鸠鸣,村边杏花白。
持斧伐远扬,荷锄觇泉脉。
归燕识故巢,旧人看新历。
临觞忽不御,惆怅远行客。
 



 
《春中田园作》是唐代诗人王维创作的一首诗。此诗写出了春天的欣欣向荣和农民的愉快欢欣,透露出唐代前期的社会生活和人的精神面貌的某些特征,表现了作者对大自然敏锐的感受以及田园生活的热爱,表达了远行者对乡土的眷恋。全诗健康活泼,清新醇朴。

名家点评

宋代刘辰翁《王孟诗评》:顾云:点化好(“村边”句下)。《卷耳》之后得此吟讽,情致自然,抑扬有态(“旧人”句下)。

明代陆时雍《唐诗镜》:野趣。

明代钟惺、谭元春《唐诗归》:谭云:情诗,闲寂诗,田家诗,右丞一一能妙。如闲寂、田家诗不妙,情诗便是俗艳。

明代唐汝询《汇编唐诗十集》:唐云:结语差有味。

清代吴煊、胡棠《唐贤三昧集笺注》:神境高极(“持斧”句下)。结从“嗟我怀人,置彼周行”化出。顾云:上六句叙事,末一转结束之。此有所思而作者,别一格局,亦高古。

译文及注释

译文


屋上有一只杜鹃鸟在鸣叫,村落旁边大片杏花开的雪白。
手持斧子去整理桑树那长长的枝条,扛起锄头去察看地下的泉水。
去年的燕子飞回来了,好像认识它的旧巢。屋里的旧主人在翻看新年的日历。
举杯欲饮又停了下来,想到离开家园作客在外的人,不由惆怅惋惜。

注释

春中(zhòng):即仲春,农历二月。
春鸠(jiū):鸟名,即布谷鸟、杜鹃,象鸽子,有斑鸠、山鸠等。曹植《赠徐干》:“春鸠鸣飞栋,流飙激棂轩”。
远扬:又长又高的桑枝。《诗经·豳风·七月》:“蚕月条桑,取彼斧斨,以伐远扬”。砍去又高又长的桑枝,便于以后采桑。
觇(chān):探测、察看。
泉脉:地下的泉水。地层中的泉流象人体内血脉一样,故称之泉脉。
看新历:开始新的一年。
觞(shāng):古代饮酒用的器皿,此指酒杯。
御:进用,饮、喝的意思。
惆怅远行客:即“远行客惆怅”。
远行客:出远门的人。


赏析

  此诗写出了春天的欣欣向荣和农民的愉快欢欣,透露出唐代前期的社会生活和人的精神面貌的某些特征,表现了作者对大自然敏锐的感受以及田园生活的热爱,表达了远行者对乡土的眷恋。全诗健康活泼,清新醇朴。

  开头两句十个字,通过鸟鸣、花开,就把春意写得很浓了。冬天很难见到的斑鸠,随着春的来临,很早就飞到村庄来了,在屋上不时鸣叫着,村中的杏花也赶在桃花之前争先开放,开得雪白一片,整个村子掩映在一片白色杏花之中。接着,诗人由春天的景物写到农事,好像是春鸠的鸣声和耀眼的杏花,使得农民在家里呆不住了,农民有的拿着斧子去修整桑枝,有的扛着锄头去察看泉水的通路。整桑理水是经冬以后最早的一种劳动,可说是农事的序幕。

  归燕、新历更是春天开始的标志。燕子回来了,飞上屋梁,在巢边呢喃地叫着,似乎还能认识它的故巢,而屋中的旧主人却在翻看新一年的日历。旧人、归燕,和平安定,故居依然,但“东风暗换年华”,生活在自然地和平地更替与前进。对着故巢、新历,燕子和人将怎样规划和建设新的生活,这是用极富诗意的笔调,写出春天的序幕。新历出现在人们面前的时候,就像春天的布幕在眼前拉开了一样。

  诗的前六句,都是写诗人所看到的春天的景象。结尾两句,写自己的感情活动。诗人觉得这春天田园的景象太美好了,“物欣欣而向荣,泉涓涓而始流”,一切是那样富有生气,充满着生活之美。诗人很想开怀畅饮,可是,对着酒又停住了,想到那离开家园作客在外的人,无缘享受与领略这种生活,不由得为之惋惜、惆怅。

  此诗春天的气息很浓,而诗人只是平静地淡淡地描述,始终没有渲染春天的万紫千红。但从淡淡的色调和平静的活动中却成功地表现了春天的到来。诗人凭着敏锐的感受,捕捉的都是春天较早发生的景象,仿佛不是在欣赏春天的外貌,而是在倾听春天的脉搏,追踪春天的脚步。诗中无论是人是物,似乎都在春天的启动下,满怀憧憬,展望和追求美好的明天,透露出唐代前期的社会生活和人的精神面貌的某些特征。人们的精神状态也有点像万物欣欣然地适应着春天,显得健康、饱满和开拓。▲


创作背景

  《春中田园作》具体创作时间不详,作者晚年隐居辋川时期,创作了大量栖心于田园山水的著名诗篇,本文即是其中之一。


王维(701年-761年,一说699年—761年),字摩诘(jié),号摩诘居士。汉族,河东蒲州(今山西运城)人,祖籍山西祁县,唐朝诗人,有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其:“味摩诘之诗,诗中有画;观摩诘之画,画中有诗。”开元九年(721年)中进士,任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表,今存诗400余首,重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学,受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》,是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名,多才多艺,音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。

 



有才子曰:王维《春中田园作》归燕识故巢 旧人看新历

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  139. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  140. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
  145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000963s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001316s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001018s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001325s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000869s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001088s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000856s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000882s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000774s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000773s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000906s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000869s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000954s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000896s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001771s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 565 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001132s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001175s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001771s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2832 WHERE `id` = 565 [ RunTime:0.002449s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000748s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001550s ]
0.153106s