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诗词赏析:鹏北海,凤朝阳。又携书剑路茫茫的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:203
  鹏北海,凤朝阳。又携书剑路茫茫的意思

  现在你携带着书和剑走向应试的辽远广阔之路,就像鲲鹏从北海展翅翱游到南海鹏北海,凤朝阳。又携书剑路茫茫的意思,又像凤凰飞向东升的太阳。

  《鹧鸪天·送廓之秋试》

  辛弃疾

  白苎新袍入嫩凉。春蚕食叶响回廊。禹门已准桃花浪,月殿先收桂子香。

  鹏北海,凤朝阳。又携书剑路茫茫。明年此日青云去,却笑人间举子忙。

  赏析

  这是一首送别词。首句“白苎新袍入嫩凉”中的“嫩”字很有意蕴,词人将天气的凉爽感受着一“嫩”字来表现,可谓出语惊人。这种“陌生化”的表达,将秋天天气微凉、清爽和清新的特点表现得淋漓尽致。次句“春蚕食虽响回廊”就是在首句所点明的环境基础上写范廓之(也可以说是考生们)穿着白色苎麻做的新衣服在微凉的天气里端坐在考场中,奋笔疾书而发出了如春蚕嚼桑叶般的沙沙声的情景。这样写,突出了“秋试”之“秋”的季节特点,在秋高气爽的季节,参加应试的举子们奋笔疾书、紧张忙碌的情状通过“春蚕食叶”的比喻表现出来。

  此词突出的表现手法是虚实相生。上阕点明时令和环境。“白苎新袍入嫩凉”是实写送别的季节——初秋、天气环境——微凉、被送者的衣着——白苎新袍;“春蚕食叶响回廊。禹门已准桃花浪,月殿先收桂子香”是虚写,想象仲秋时节范廓之参加秋试的情景、此次秋试的结果以及下一年参加春闱的结果,虚实结合。下阕,“鹏北海,凤朝阳。又携书剑路茫茫。”用比喻的手法实写廓之携书剑登程的情景,实中有虚,以虚喻实,喻体“鹏北海,凤朝阳”意境豪迈雄壮,充满对廓之的鼓励;“明年此日青云去,却笑人间举子忙”完全是虚写,想象廓之连中两试后轻松愉快的心情,表达了对廓之的美好祝福。

  此词在意象运用与意境创设上体现了辛词的豪放特点。大鹏、丹凤,意象豪迈;北海、朝阳、路茫茫,意境开阔;携书佩剑,既文又武,显示出既儒雅又刚健的气概。

  此词用典也很突出,“春蚕食叶”“禹门”“桃花浪““桂子香”“鹏北海”“凤朝阳”“青云”都用了典故。如桃花浪,典出宋张世南《游宦纪闻》卷六:“鲍氏安国、安行、安世兄弟,三科连中,故程文昌伯禹赠之诗,有‘七年三破桃花浪’之句。”而“月殿先收桂子香”暗喻“蟾宫折桂”,“折桂”一词源于《晋书·郤诜传》“累近雍州刺史。武帝于东堂会送,问诜曰:’自以为何如?’诜对曰:‘臣举贤良对策,为天下第一,犹桂林之一枝,昆山之片玉。’”此后即将朝廷科举中选拔人才称为“折桂”。借喻高中状元。词人借用这两个典故,含蓄地表达对范廓之参加“秋试”的美好祝愿,祝愿他金榜题名。

  这虽是一首送别词,但因为是送人参加科考,自然不必如一般的送别诗般抒写离情别绪,而侧重于对应考者热情的鼓励和美好的祝愿,合情合理。

  译文

  廓之你在这初秋微凉的天气、穿着白色苎麻织成的新衣、离开我去参加科举考试。我仿佛看到了你以后参加考试的情景,你将与其他考生们一道在考场里专心致志地书写,犹如春蚕啃食桑叶,回廊里沙沙有声。乡试放榜时飘拂的桂花香已经先散向了月殿,你一定能名登桂榜,蟾宫折桂;不仅如此,连下一年桃花浪涌起时像鱼跃龙门一样考试得中的会试也已经为你准备好了。现在你携带着书和剑走向应试的辽远广阔之路,就像鲲鹏从北海展翅翱游到南海,又像凤凰飞向东升的太阳。明年的今天,你早已青云直上,那时你可以轻松愉悦地闲看世间的举子还在为功名奔忙。



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  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000280s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000257s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000260s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000248s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000326s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000208s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000404s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 5866 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000307s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000351s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000232s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 204 WHERE `id` = 5866 [ RunTime:0.001623s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000227s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000244s ]
0.074006s