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诗词赏析:只言江左好风光,不道中原归思转凄凉的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:196
  只言江左好风光,不道中原归思转凄凉的意思

  平时总听说江南山水奇绝,风光秀美,今日踏上了江南的土地,却丝毫唤不起心中的激情,心里所想的却是那正被金人铁蹄蹂躏的故乡,有家难归的满腔悲凉油然而生。

  南歌子

  吕本中

  驿路侵斜月,溪桥度晓霜。短篱残菊一枝黄,正是乱山深处过重阳。

  旅枕元①无梦,寒更②每自长。只言江左③好风光,不道中原归思转凄凉。

  赏析

  《南歌子·驿路侵斜月》是南宋词人吕本中创作的一首词,该词通过旅途见闻和感受的描写,表达了作者忧国伤时的痛苦心情。

  这是一首描写旅途风光景物与感受的小令。北宋灭亡后词人南渡,流落江南,又逢重阳佳节,正是这个特殊的历史背景和时节,使这首词具有和一般的羁旅之作不同的特点。

  上片为旅途即景。开头两句,写早行时沿途的风景。天上还挂着斜月,就动身上路了。驿路上映照着斜月的寒光溪桥上尚凝结着一层晓霜。两句中写词人自己动作的词只一“度”字,但第一句写斜月映路,实际上已经暗含人的早行。两句意境接近温庭筠诗句“鸡声茅店月,人迹板桥霜”的意境,但温诗前面直接点出“客行悲故乡”,吕词则情含景中,只于“驿路”、“晓霜”中稍透羁旅之意。此外“晓霜”兼点时令,为的是下面提出“残菊”不突然。

  “短篱残菊一枝黄,正是乱山深处过重阳。”这两句说的是路旁农舍外词人看到矮篱围成的小园中,一枝残菊正寂寞地开着黄花。看到此景,词人想起当天是应该饮酒赏菊的重阳佳节,又感慨到这年这节日,竟乱山深处的旅途中度过了。上句是旅途所见,下句是由此触发的联想与感慨。佳节思亲怀乡,是人之常情,更何况对于有家难归(吕本中是寿州人)的词人来说,由此引起的家国沦亡之痛便更为深沉了。但词人这里并未点破这种痛苦,只是用“乱山深处过重阳”一语轻轻带过,留待下片集中抒发感慨。两句由残菊联想到重阳,又由重阳想到眼前的处境和沦亡的故乡。词人思绪曲折感慨万千,而出语却自然爽利。

  “旅枕元无梦,寒更每自长。”下片的头两句,由早行所见所感想到夜间他乡客宿情景。旅途中住宿,词人因为心事重重,老是睡不着觉,所以说“元无梦”;正因为深夜不能入睡,就更加感到秋夜的漫长,所以说“寒更每自长”。句中着一“每”字,可见这种情形已非一日,而是羁旅中常有的。“元”、“每”二字,着意而不着力,言外更令人凄然。

  一般的羁旅之行,特别是佳节独处的时候,固然也会令人有这种难掩的寂寞和忧伤,但词人之所以有此感,却是另有一番滋味心头。“只言江左好风光,不道中原归思转凄凉。”江左即是江东,这里指的是南宋统治下的东南半壁河山。江左风光,历来为生长北方的文人墨客所向往。词人此时身在江东了,却并未感到喜悦。原因是中原被占、故乡难归,寂寞的旅途中,词人思乡之情不禁更加强烈,忧国的凄凉情绪也更加深沉了。两句用“只言”虚提,以“不道”与“转”反接,抑扬顿挫之间,正蕴含无穷忧伤时事的感叹。词写到这里,感情达到高潮,主题也就得到了集中的体现,它和一般羁旅之作不同的特点也自然流露出来了。

  这首词着力表现词人的中原归思,同时感情又有一个由隐至显的过程。词人结合特定的景物、时令、旅途状况,层层转进,如剥茧抽丝般地来抒发感情,最后凄然归思,这样抒情便显得很自然。词的感情基调虽比较凄凉伤感,但格调却清新流畅。这种矛盾的统一,构成了一种特殊的风格美,使人读来虽觉凄伤却无压抑之感。

  译文

  将近黎明时分,穿过山间驿路,踏过溪上板桥,只见斜月西隐,寒霜满地。行过乱山深处,只见在那野人篱落旁,一枝盛开的金菊,赫然点缀在残菊丛中,耀人眼目,好像在提醒人们重阳佳节已至。夜投旅舍,孤寂难眠,寒夜的更声阵阵传来,让人更感长夜难捱。平时总听说江南山水奇绝,风光秀美,今日踏上了江南的土地,却丝毫唤不起心中的激情,心里所想的却是那正被金人铁蹄蹂躏的故乡,有家难归的满腔悲凉油然而生。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:只言江左好风光,不道中原归思转凄凉的意思

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000358s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
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  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000291s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000363s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000243s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000344s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000259s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000290s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000266s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000250s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000254s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000262s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000327s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000206s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000392s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 5870 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000320s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000350s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000256s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 197 WHERE `id` = 5870 [ RunTime:0.001806s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000229s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000250s ]
0.074530s