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诗词赏析:荷风送香气,竹露滴清响的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:236
  荷风送香气,竹露滴清响的意思

  一阵阵的晚风送来荷花的香气,露水从竹叶上滴下发出清脆的响声。

  《夏日南亭怀辛大》

  孟浩然

  山光忽西落,池月渐东上。

  散发乘夕凉,开轩卧闲敞。

  荷风送香气,竹露滴清响。

  欲取鸣琴弹,恨无知音赏。

  感此怀故人,终宵劳梦想。

  赏析

  本诗抒发了诗人对老友的怀念。诗人捕捉住生活中的感受,描绘了夏夜乘凉的悠闲自得,只是不觉中生出了没有知音的感慨,以至梦中都会苦苦想念。诗人描写感受细腻,语言流畅自然,寄情于景,韵味十足。

  浩然诗的特色是“遇景入咏,不拘奇抉异”(皮日休),虽只就闲情逸致作清描淡写,往往能引人渐入佳境。《夏日南亭怀辛大》是有代表性的名篇。

  诗的内容可分两部分,即写夏夜水亭纳凉的清爽闲适,同时又表达对友人的怀念。“山光忽西落,池月渐东上”,开篇就是遇景入咏,细味却不止是简单写景,同时写出诗人的主观感受。“忽”、“渐”二字运用之妙,在于它们不但传达出夕阳西下与素月东升给人实际的感觉(一快一慢);而且,“夏日”可畏而“忽”落,明月可爱而“渐”起,只表现出一种心理的快感。“池”字表明“南亭”傍水,亦非虚设。

  近水亭台,不仅“先得月”,而且是先退凉的。诗人沐浴之后,洞开亭户,“散发”不梳,靠窗而卧,使人想起陶潜的一段名言:“五六月中北窗下卧,遇凉风暂至,自谓是羲皇上人。”(《与子俨等疏》)三四句不但写出一种闲情,同时也写出一种适意──来自身心两方面的快感。

  进而,诗人从嗅觉、听觉两方面继续写这种快感:“荷风送香气,竹露滴清响。”荷花的香气清淡细微,所以“风送”时闻;竹露滴在池面其声清脆,所以是“清响”。滴水可闻,细香可嗅,使人感到此外更无声息。诗句表达的境界宜乎“一时叹为清绝”(沈德潜《唐诗别裁》)。写荷以“气”,写竹以“响”,而不及视觉形象,恰是夏夜给人的真切感受。

  “竹露滴清响”,那样悦耳清心。这天籁似对诗人有所触动,使他想到音乐,“欲取鸣琴弹”了。琴,这古雅平和的乐器,只宜在恬淡闲适的心境中弹奏。据说古人弹琴,先得沐浴焚香,屏去杂念。而南亭纳凉的诗人此刻,已自然进入这种心境,正宜操琴。“欲取”而未取,舒适而不拟动弹,但想想也自有一番乐趣。不料却由“鸣琴”之想牵惹起一层淡淡的怅惘。象平静的井水起了一阵微澜。相传楚人钟子期通晓音律。伯牙鼓琴,志在高山,子期品道:“巍巍乎若太山”;志在流水,子期品道:“汤汤乎若流水。”子期死而伯牙绝弦,不复演奏。(见《吕氏春秋·本味》)这就是“知音”的出典。由境界的清幽绝俗而想到弹琴,由弹琴想到“知音”,而生出“恨无知音赏”的缺憾,这就自然而然地由水亭纳凉过渡到怀人上来。

  此时,诗人是多么希望有朋友在身边,闲话清谈,共度良宵。可人期不来,自然会生出惆怅。“怀故人”的情绪一直带到睡下以后,进入梦乡,居然会见了亲爱的朋友。诗以有情的梦境结束,极有余味。

  译文

  傍山的日影忽然西落了,池塘上的月亮从东面慢慢升起。披散着头发在夜晚乘凉,打开窗户躺卧在幽静宽敞的地方。一阵阵的晚风送来荷花的香气,露水从竹叶上滴下发出清脆的响声。正想拿琴来弹奏,可惜没有知音来欣赏。感慨良宵,怀念起老朋友来,整夜在梦中也苦苦地想念。



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  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000253s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000318s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000215s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000409s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 5898 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000299s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000322s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000243s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 237 WHERE `id` = 5898 [ RunTime:0.001773s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000228s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000263s ]
0.077167s