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诗词赏析:何当共剪西窗烛,却话巴山夜雨时的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:220
  何当共剪西窗烛,却话巴山夜雨时的意思

  何时我们才能相依在西窗下共剪烛花,告诉你在巴山夜雨中我的凄凉和思念。

  夜雨寄北

  李商隐

  君问归期未有期,巴山夜雨涨秋池。

  何当共剪西窗烛,却话巴山夜雨时。

  赏析

  这是李商隐脍炙人口的抒情短章,是诗人写给远在北方的妻子的。当时诗人被秋雨阻隔,滞留荆巴一带,妻子从家中寄来书信,询问归期。但秋雨连绵,交通中断,无法确定,所以回答说:君问归期未有期。这一句有问有答,跌宕有致,流露出诗人留滞异乡、归期未卜的羁旅之愁。诗人与夫人王氏伉俪情深,时刻盼望能速归故里,与妻子共坐西窗之下,剪去烛花,深夜畅谈。而此时,只能苦苦思念。诗只有四句,却情景交融,虚实相生,既包含空间的往复对照,又体现时间的回环跳跃。“何当”为设想之词,设想由实景而生,所以第二句中的巴山夜雨成为设想中回忆的话题,自然成为“却话巴山夜雨时”这样的巧妙诗句。

  李商隐的爱情诗多以典雅华丽、深隐曲折取胜,这首诗,《万首唐人绝句》中题作《夜雨寄内》,“内”就是“内人”,指妻子。诗人在巴山雨夜中思念妻子,充满了深深的怀念之情。诗人用朴实无华的文字,写出他对妻子的一片深情,亲切有味。全诗构思新巧,自然流畅,跌宕有致。情深意远 思绪缠绵 。

  “君问归期未有期”,诗一开始,就摆出了不可解脱的矛盾。归期的希望与未有期的失望,两相对立。悲怆沉痛,笼罩全篇。“巴山夜雨涨秋池”,表面上看,是即景点题。但是这一景象把归期未有期的沉痛情绪,渲晕得更形象、更浓郁了。独在他乡异域的巴山,是秋天,又是深夜,又是夜雨。这一情境本身就是令人伤感的。尤其是“涨秋池”三字,秋雨绵绵,把池水都涨满了。诗人抓住了这一精细的而又富于生活实感的画面,调动读者的想象,似乎秋池里涨的不是秋水,而是诗人难以解脱的痛苦。

  绝句虽属短制,但也讲究结构的技艺。前人有言,绝句大抵起承二句困难,然不过平直叙起为佳,从容承之为是。至如宛转变化工夫,全在第三句。这首诗的第三句,就显示了这种工夫。“何当共剪西窗烛”,宕开一笔,从眼前跳脱到将来,从巴山跳脱到北方(长安),用示现的修辞方法,写出诗人的遐想。“共剪西窗烛”,可能溶化了杜甫《羌村三首》中“夜阑更秉烛,相对如梦寐”的诗境,但是由夫妇化为友朋,活用了,情味更浓。“何当”二字,意思是“什么时候才能够”,照应首句“未有期”,既有热切地盼望,又有难以料定的惆怅。在情意上,与前两句,似断非断。

  第四句显得更为精彩。“却话巴山夜雨时”,是承“共剪西窗”而来,为顺流之舟。在短小得只能有四句的绝句体裁里,毫不可惜地运用了重复句意,不能不谓之大胆。然而,再次出现的“巴山夜雨”,无单调之嫌,文意反而曲折深厚。如果说,前一句“巴山夜雨”是以景写情,那么这一句的“巴山夜雨”却是以情写景。它与“西窗剪烛”,组成一幅温暖的动态画面,表现了诗人对于归期的向往,对于“君”的深厚友情。这给诗中增添了欢欣感。这种欢欣只是一种难以卜料的期待,因而示现于将来的欣慰,又加剧了眼前归期未有期的痛苦。我们可以感受到诗人的情感不断起伏、跳跃,但是通篇的情感色调又是和谐、统一的。

  李商隐的诗,特别是他晚年的诗,感伤情绪很浓。这种感伤反映了时代的黑暗,反映了他个人遭遇的不幸。《夜雨寄北》,虽然有些欢欣的折光,总的看来,也是感伤的。只是这种感伤表现得很曲折、很深沉。一句“巴山夜雨涨秋池”,隐含了多少丰富的潜台词。这里似乎不是由于夫妻分离而感到的痛苦,实在是深深包含了诗人此时此地回顾一生的哀愁,隐含着对于现实的愤懑与绝望。

  这首诗即兴写来,写出了诗人刹那间情感的曲折变化。语言是朴实的,在遣词、造句上看不出修饰的痕迹。李商隐的大部分诗,辞藻华美,用典精巧,长于象征、暗示。这首《夜雨寄北》,表现了李商隐诗的另一种风格:质朴、自然,却同样具有“寄托深而措辞婉”的艺术特色。

  译文

  你问我回家的日子,我尚未定归期;今晚巴山下着大雨,雨水涨满秋池。 何时你我重新聚首,共剪西窗烛①花彻夜长谈; 再告诉你今夜秋雨,我痛苦的情思。

  注:①蜡烛燃烧时间过长会引起烛花现象,也就是火苗会跳动,必须剪短烛心才能保持烛火苗不动。



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  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000366s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000507s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000305s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000370s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000251s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000328s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000252s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000325s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000283s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000262s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000269s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000276s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000382s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000210s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000392s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 5908 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000315s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000357s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000235s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 221 WHERE `id` = 5908 [ RunTime:0.001756s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000238s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000246s ]
0.074406s