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诗词赏析:劝君更进一杯酒,西出阳关无故人的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:236
  劝君更进一杯酒,西出阳关无故人的意思

  请你再喝一杯.出关后就没有朋友陪你如此开怀畅饮了。

  送元二使安西

  王维

  渭城朝雨浥轻尘, 客舍青青柳色新。

  劝君更尽一杯酒, 西出阳关无故人。

  翻译

  早晨的细雨打湿了渭城的沙尘,青砖绿瓦的旅店和周围的柳树都显得格外青翠欲滴与明朗。请你再喝一杯离别的酒,只因为向西走出了阳关,就再也碰不到知己的老朋友了。

  赏析

  这是一首送朋友去西北边疆的诗。安西,是唐中央政府为统辖西域地区而设的安西都护府的简称,治所在龟兹城(今新疆库车)。这位姓元的友人是奉朝廷的使命前往安西的。唐代从长安往西去的,多在渭城送别。渭城即秦都咸阳故城,在长安西北,渭水北岸。

  前两句写送别的时间,地点,环境气氛。清晨,渭城客舍,自东向西一直延伸、不见尽头的驿道,客舍周围、驿道两旁的柳树。这一切,都仿佛是极平常的眼前景,读来却风光如画,抒情气氛浓郁。“朝雨”在这里扮演了一个重要的角色。早晨的雨下得不长,刚刚润湿尘土就停了。从长安西去的大道上,平日车马交驰,尘上飞扬,而现在,朝雨乍停,天气清朗,道路显得洁净、清爽。“浥轻尘”的“浥”字是湿润的意思,在这里用得很有分寸,显出这雨澄尘而不湿路,恰到好处,仿佛天从人愿,特意为远行的人安排一条轻尘不扬的道路。客舍,本是羁旅者的伴侣;杨柳,更是离别的象征。选取这两件事物,自然有意关合送别。它们通常总是和羁愁别恨联结在一起而呈现出黯然销魂的情调。而今天,却因一场朝雨的洒洗而别具明朗清新的风貌——“客舍青青柳色新”。平日路尘飞扬,路旁柳色不免笼罩着灰蒙蒙的尘雾,一场朝雨,才重新洗出它那青翠的本色,所以说“新”,又因柳色之新,映照出客舍青青来。总之,从清朗的天宇,到洁净的道路,从青青的客舍,到翠绿的杨柳,构成了一幅色调清新明朗的图景,为这场送别提供了典型的自然环境。这是一场深情的离别,但却不是黯然销魂的离别。相反地,倒是透露出一种轻快而富于希望的情调。“轻尘”、“青青”、“新”等词语,声韵轻柔明快,加强了读者的这种感受。

  绝句在篇幅上受到严格限制。这首诗,对如何设宴饯别,宴席上如何频频举杯、殷勤话别,以及启程时如何依依不舍,登程后如何瞩目遥望,等等,一概舍去,只剪取饯行宴席即将结束时主人的劝酒辞:再干了这一杯吧,出了阳关,可就再也见不到老朋友了。诗人象高明的摄影师,摄下了最富表现力的镜头。宴席已经进行了很长一段时间,酿满别情的酒已经喝过多巡,殷勤告别的话已经重复过多次,朋友上路的时刻终于不能不到来,主客双方的惜别之情在这一瞬间都到达了顶点。主人的这句似乎脱口而出的劝酒辞就是此刻强烈、深挚的惜别之情的集中表现。

  三四两句是一个整体。要深切理解这临行劝酒中蕴含的深情,就不能不涉及“西出阳关”。处于河西走廊尽西头的阳关,和它北面的玉门关相对,从汉代以来,一直是内地出向西域的通道。唐代国势强盛,内地与西域往来频繁,从军或出使阳关之外,在盛唐人心目中是令人向往的壮举。但当时阳关以西还是穷荒绝域,风物与内地大不相同。朋友“西出阳关”,虽是壮举,却又不免经历万里长途的跋涉,备尝独行穷荒的艰辛寂寞。因此,这临行之际“劝君更尽一杯酒”,就象是浸透了诗人全部丰富深挚情谊的一杯浓郁的感情琼浆。这里面,不仅有依依惜别的情谊,而且包含着对远行者处境、心情的深情体贴,包含着前路珍重的殷勤祝愿。对于送行者来说,劝对方“更尽一杯酒”,不只是让朋友多带走自己的一分情谊,而且有意无意地延宕分手的时间,好让对方再多留一刻。“西出阳关无故人”之感,又何尝只属于行者呢?临别依依,要说的话很多,但千头万绪,一时竟不知从何说起。这种场合,往往会出现无言相对的沉默,“劝君更尽一杯酒”,就是不自觉地打破这种沉默的方式,也是表达此刻丰富复杂感情的方式。诗人没有说出的比已经说出的要丰富得多。总之,三四两句所剪取的虽然只是一刹那的情景,却是蕴含极其丰富的一刹那。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:劝君更进一杯酒,西出阳关无故人的意思

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000376s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000532s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000295s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000398s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000240s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000370s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000260s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000334s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000260s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000292s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000252s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000252s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000340s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000208s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000390s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6058 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000307s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000342s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000234s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 237 WHERE `id` = 6058 [ RunTime:0.001806s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000257s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000258s ]
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