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诗词赏析:流水落花春去也,天上人间什么意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:188
  流水落花春去也,天上人间什么意思?

  象流失的江水凋落的红花跟春天一起回去也,今昔对比,一是天上一是人间。

  《浪淘沙》

  李煜

  帘外雨潺潺,[1] 春意阑珊。 罗衾不耐五更寒。 梦里不知身是客, 一晌贪欢。

  独自莫凭栏, 无限江山, 别时容易见时难。 流水落花春去也, 天上人间。

  赏析

  此词上片用倒叙手法,帘外雨,五更寒,是梦后事;忘却身份,一晌贪欢,是梦中事。潺潺春雨和阵阵春寒,惊醒残梦,使抒情主人公回到了真实人生的凄凉景况中来。梦中梦后,实际上是今昔之比。

  李煜《菩萨蛮》词有句:“故国梦重归,觉来双泪垂”。所写情事与此差同。但《菩萨蛮》写得直率,此词则婉转曲折。词中的自然环境和身心感受,象征性,也更有典型性。

  下片首句“独自莫凭栏”的“莫”字,有入声与去声(暮)两种读法。作“莫凭栏”,是因凭栏而见故国江山,将引起无限伤感,作“暮凭栏”,是晚眺江山遥远,深感“别时容易见时难”。两说都可通。

  “流水落花春去也”,与上片“春意阑珊”相呼应,同时也暗喻来日无多,不久于人世。“天上人间”句,颇感迷离恍惚,众说纷纭。其实语出白居易《长恨歌》:“但教心似金钿坚,天上人间会相见。”“天上人间”,本是一个专属名词,并非天上与人间并列。李煜用在这里,似指自已的最后归宿。

  应当指出,李煜词的抒情特色,就是善于从生活实感出发,抒写自已人生经历中的真切感受,自然明净,含蓄深沉。这对抒情诗来说,原是不假外求的最为本色的东西。因此他的词无论伤春伤别,还是心怀故国,都写得哀感动人。同时,李煜又善于把自已的生活感受,同高度的艺术概括力结合起来。身为亡国之君的李煜,在词中很少作帝王家语,倒是以近乎普通人的身份,诉说自已的不幸和哀苦。这些词就具有了可与人们感情上相互沟通、唤起共鸣的因素。《虞美人》(春花秋月何时了)如此,此词亦复如此。

  即以“别时容易见时难”而言,便是人们在生活中通常会经历到是一种人生体验。与其说它是帝王之伤别,无宁说它概括了离别中的人们的普遍遭遇。李煜词大多是四五十字的小令,调短字少,然包孕极富,寄慨极深,没有高度的艺术概括力是做不到的。

  译文

  门帘外传来雨声潺潺,浓郁的春意又要凋残。罗织的锦被受不住五更时的冷寒。只有迷梦中忘掉自身是羁旅之客,才能享受片时的喜欢。

  独自一人在暮色苍茫时依靠画栏,遥望辽阔无边的旧日江山。离别它是容易的,再要见到它就很艰难。象流失的江水凋落的红花跟春天一起回去也,今昔对比,一是天上一是人间。



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