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诗词赏析:谁家玉笛暗飞声,散入春风满洛城的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:187
  谁家玉笛暗飞声,散入春风满洛城的意思

  灯火渐熄的夜晚,谁家传出嘹亮的玉笛声,笛声随着春风,飘满整个洛阳城。

  春夜洛城闻笛

  李白

  谁家玉笛暗飞声,散入春风满洛城。

  此夜曲中闻折柳,何人不起故园情。

  赏析

  王尧衢《唐诗合解》:“忽然闻笛,不知吹自谁家。因是夜闻,声在暗中飞也。笛声以风声而吹散,风声以笛声而远扬,于是洛春夜遍闻风声,即遍闻笛声矣。折柳所以赠别,而笛调中有《折杨柳》一曲。闻折柳而伤别,故情切乎故园。本是自我起情,却说闻者‘何人不起’,岂人人有别情乎?只为‘散入春风’,满城听得耳。”

  这首诗写乡思,题作《春夜洛城闻笛》,明示诗因闻笛声而感发。题中“洛城”表明是客居,“春夜”点出季节及具体时间。起句即从笛声落笔。已经是深夜,诗人难于成寐,忽而传来几缕断续的笛声。这笛声立刻触动诗人的羁旅情怀。诗人不说闻笛,而说笛声“暗飞”,变客体为主体。“暗”字为一句关键。注家多忽略这个字。已故沈祖棻先生说:“……‘谁家’、‘暗飞声’,写出‘闻’时的精神状态,先听到飞声,踪迹它的来处,却不知何人所吹,从何而来,所以说是暗中飞出。”(《唐人七绝诗浅释》)为一种理解。因为不知笛声来自何处,更不见吹笛者为何人,下此“暗”字,十分恰当。这里“暗”字有多重意蕴。主要是说笛声暗送,似乎专意飞来给在外作客的人听,以动其离愁别恨。全句表现出一种难于为怀的心绪,以主观写客观。此外,“暗”也有断续、隐约之意,这与诗的情境是一致的。“谁家”,意即不知谁家,“谁”与“暗”照应。第二句着意渲染笛声,说它“散入春风”,“满洛城”,仿佛无处不在,无处不闻。这自然是有心人的主观感觉的极度夸张。“散”字用得妙。“散”是均匀、遍布。笛声“散入春风”,随着春风传到各处,无东无西,无南无北。即为“满洛城”的“满”字预设地步;“满”字从“散”字引绎而出,二者密合无间。

  听到笛声以后,诗人触动了乡思的情怀,于是第三句点出了《折柳》曲。古人送别时折柳,盼望亲人来归也折柳。据说“柳”谐“留”音,故折柳送行表示别情。长安灞桥即为有名的送别之地,或指那个地方的杨柳为送行人攀折殆尽。《折杨柳》曲伤离惜别,其音哀怨幽咽。晋代太康末年,京洛流行《折杨柳》歌,有“兵革苦辛”的词语。北朝《折杨柳歌》中说:“上马不捉鞭,反拗杨柳枝;蹀坐吹长笛,愁杀行客儿。”大约都是据曲意填的歌词。所以,诗人听到这首《折柳》曲,便引起客愁乡思。一般说,久居他乡的人,白天还没有什么,可是一到日暮天晚,就容易想念家乡。在春秋季节,人们也常是多愁善感。《折柳》为全诗点睛,也是“闻笛”的题义所在。三,四两句写诗人自己的情怀,却从他人反说。强调“此夜”,是面对所有客居洛阳城的人讲话,为结句“何人不起故园情”作势。这是主观情感的推衍,不言“我”,却更见“我”感触之深,乡思之切。

  短短的一首七言绝句,颇能显现李白的风格特点,即艺术表现上的主观倾向。热爱故乡是一种崇高的感情,它同爱国主义是相通的。诗人的故乡是他从小生于此,长于此的地方,作为祖国的一部分,那种形象尤其令诗人难以忘怀。李白这首诗写的是闻笛,但它的意义不限于描写音乐,还表达了对故乡的思念,这才是它感人的地方。

  译文

  阵阵悠扬的笛声,是从谁家中飘出的?

  随着春风飘扬,传遍洛阳全城。

  就在今夜,听到令人哀伤的《折杨柳》,

  有谁的思乡之情不会油然而生呢?



有才子曰:诗词赏析:谁家玉笛暗飞声,散入春风满洛城的意思

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  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000320s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000290s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000295s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000381s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000245s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000530s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6111 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000347s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000616s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000365s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 188 WHERE `id` = 6111 [ RunTime:0.020671s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000357s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000428s ]
0.128400s