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诗词赏析:何须浅碧轻红色,自是花中第一流的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:190
  何须浅碧轻红色,自是花中第一流的意思

  为何一定要绿的叶子衬托深红的花,才算上品呢?桂花芳香宜人,当然是花中“第一流”了。

  《鹧鸪天·桂花》

  李清照

  暗淡轻黄体性柔,情疏迹远只香留。 何须浅碧轻红色,自是花中第一流。

  梅定妒,菊应羞,画栏开处冠中秋。 骚人可煞无情思,何事当年不见收。

  译文

  淡黄色的桂花,并不鲜艳,但体态轻盈,于幽静之处,不惹人注意,只留给人香味。桂花不需要具有名花的红碧颜色,色淡香浓,应属最好的。

  梅花一定妒嫉,菊花自当羞惭,桂花是秋天里百花之首,天经地义。可憾屈原对桂花不太了解,太没有情意了,不然,他在《离骚》中赞美那么多花,为什么没有提到桂花呢?

  赏析

  “暗淡轻黄体性柔,情疏迹远只香留。”形神兼备地写出了桂花的独特风韵。她的颜色并不艳丽,“暗淡轻黄”,与很多名花相比,外表逊色得多。她的社会声望也很一般,“情疏迹远”,并没有得到什么荣耀和宠幸,更不会有人给她热捧恭维。但是她的体性温柔,香留天地之间。

  “何须浅碧深红色,自是花中第一流。”从这两句起直至歇拍,都是以议论的方式行文。这两句是议论的第一层。花当然是以红为美的。至于碧牡丹、绿萼梅之类,那就更为名贵了。这些都是桂花没有具备的。但是作者认为,内在美,比外在美更为重要。“何须”二字,把各种名花一笔荡开,突出了色淡香浓、迹远品高的桂花,断定她是“花中第一流”。

  “梅定妒,菊应羞,画栏开处冠中秋。”这是议论的第二层。梅花既有妍丽的外美,更有迎霜雪而开的高洁的内美。菊花更是人所共同认可的“君子之花”,兼具内外之美。但是这两种名花,在桂花的面前都自叹不如,都产生了羞愧和妒忌的心理。经过这样的比较抑扬,桂花的定位就很清楚了。所以作者论定:桂花是众多的秋季名花之冠。

  “骚人可煞无情思,何事当年不见收。”这是议论的第三层。“骚人”,指屈原。屈原在《离骚》中,用褒扬之笔,列举了各种各样的香草名花,以比况君子修身美德,可是偏偏没有提到桂花。所以作者抱怨他“可煞无情思”。屈原的人品和才德,是人所共同景仰的,这也包括作者李清照在内。对这位先贤的抱怨,更突出了作者对桂花的珍重。

  这首词以群花作衬,以梅花作比,展开三层议论,形象地表达了词人对桂花的由衷赞美。桂花貌不出众,色不诱人,但却“暗淡轻黄”、“情疏迹远”而又馥香自芳,这正是词人品格的写照。这首词显示了词人卓而不群的审美品味,值得用心玩味。

  暗淡轻黄体性柔,情疏迹远只香留

  桂树枝繁叶茂,冬夏常青,以同类为林,间无杂树。秋天开花者为多,芳香四溢。旧时庭园常成对栽植,称“双桂当庭”或“双桂留芳”。

  桂花略呈黄色,黄得轻淡柔匀,在绿叶映衬下,似乎有些暗淡。桂花花体轻小,体性温柔,无论生长在僻处山野,还是园林庭院,它们看上去都十分淡雅,一点也不张扬。但是只要桂花一开,就会香飘十里,山野间、院子里、衣袖上……所到之处,一路留香。

  唐人咏桂诗曰:“为问山东桂,无人何自芳。”“山中桂树多,应为故人攀。”桂花多生于深山,看上去疏淡清雅,故说“情疏迹远”。可贵的是,不管花色、体性、居处如何,它们都是“只香留”,桂花因此又被称为“九里香”。

  词一开头,词人采用惯常的白描手法,写出了桂花的颜色、体质和特性,赋之以娴静、淡雅的情态。显然,这里倾注了词人的情怀。在她看来,花不一定以娇丽鲜艳取胜,疏淡清雅也是一种美;形、色之美固然让人悦目,芳香四溢则更令人赏心。

  何须浅碧轻红色,自是花中第一流

  百花之中谁更美?可谓仁者见仁、智者见智。“何须”二字,把仅以色美形娇取胜的群花一笔荡开,而推出色淡香浓、迹远品高的桂花。何必要强求浅碧轻红的颜色呢?像桂花那样淡雅而幽香,自然是花中第一流。

  词人的审美情趣,渗透着她的思想感情。据记载,李清照才华横溢,自视很高,好“讥弹前辈”,诗才词笔,不让须眉。宋王灼《碧鸡漫志》卷二云:“易安居士……自少年便有诗名,才力华赡,逼近前辈。在士大夫中已不多得。若本朝妇人,当推文采第一。”不知这“花中第一流”,是否包含了词人的自许?

  梅定妒,菊应羞,画栏开处冠中秋

  在百花之中,梅和菊历来受到人们的称赏,清照也写了不少吟咏之词。但在这里,她将梅、菊与桂花相比。究竟比什么,词人没有说,只是说梅花定会感到嫉妒,菊花应该感到羞愧。这种侧面烘托的写法,比正面描写更为奏效,不仅使词情跌宕多姿,而且使桂花高雅不俗的形象更加深化;同时也很自然地引出下文:在那画栏之处,每逢金秋时节,桂花盛开,清风徐来,香飘数里,桂花真是群芳之冠!“开处”,一作“开岁”。

  需要指出的是,词人并不是要贬低她一向喜爱的梅、菊,而是通过桂花的以香取胜,赞赏“内美”的可贵。“画栏”,即画着花纹的栏杆,言其精美,出自李贺《金铜仙人辞汉歌》:“画栏桂树悬秋香,三十六宫土花碧。”“中秋”,这里泛指秋季,并非农历八月十五中秋节。

  骚人可煞无情思,何事当年不见收

  “可煞”,相当于“可是”。“骚人”,指大诗人屈原。他在《离骚》中,吟及许多香花芳草,以喻君子修身美德。词人很为桂花抱屈:是不是屈原缺少情意或才思,要不当年为什么不把香冠中秋的桂花收进去呢?

  有人说,屈原诗中还是有桂花的。其实这并不重要,因为《离骚》不是花谱,屈原是否喜欢桂花,是否吟咏,那是他的事。词人故意设问指责,看似无理,实则是为了更好地抒发对桂花的偏爱之情。这样结尾,既生动风趣,又耐人寻味。

  与李清照同时的江西诗人陈与义,也写有一首咏桂词,其中两句说道:“楚人未识孤妍,《离骚》遗恨千年。”其意与清照此两句相同,但韵味迥异,高下立判,因为陈词说得太实,缺少清照词的含蓄、风趣和灵巧。



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  127. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ModelRelationQuery.php ( 20.07 KB )
  128. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ParamsBind.php ( 3.66 KB )
  129. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/ResultOperation.php ( 7.01 KB )
  130. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/WhereQuery.php ( 19.37 KB )
  131. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/JoinAndViewQuery.php ( 7.11 KB )
  132. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/TableFieldInfo.php ( 2.63 KB )
  133. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/Transaction.php ( 2.77 KB )
  134. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/driver/File.php ( 5.96 KB )
  135. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/LogHandlerInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  136. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/Channel.php ( 3.89 KB )
  137. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/event/LogRecord.php ( 1.02 KB )
  138. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/Collection.php ( 16.47 KB )
  139. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  140. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
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  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
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  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000414s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000512s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000297s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000379s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000244s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000347s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000272s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000319s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000259s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000267s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000257s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000251s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000336s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000207s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000424s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6112 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000302s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000346s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000235s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 191 WHERE `id` = 6112 [ RunTime:0.001708s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000237s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000270s ]
0.076058s