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吴均《咏雪》微风摇庭树 细雪下帘隙
作者:吴均 发布日期:2022-12-03 点击数:2013

 

咏雪
吴均 〔南北朝〕


微风摇庭树,细雪下帘隙。
萦空如雾转,凝阶似花积。
不见杨柳春,徒见桂枝白。
零泪无人道,相思空何益。


《咏雪》是南朝文学家、史学家吴均创作的一首五言古诗。这首诗写的是江南特有的细雪,诗人名为咏雪,实为伤怀。首二句从微风摇动庭树写起,与近处入帘的细雪形成一远一近的对比;三四句写雪在空中和落到阶上的不同,“如雾转”和“似花积的比喻,形容江南细雪较准确;五六句写落到树上的雪,“徒看”二字情绪似乎不高;末二句道出零泪相思。全诗所描绘的画面狭窄,但笔触细腻。

名家点评

铜陵日报社首席记者、铜都副刊采访部主任许克锡:末两句抒发自己雪中孤寂的心情。“零泪无人道,相思空何益。”“零泪”,落泪。诗人的相思之情此时无人可诉,禁不住潸然泪下,但这也只徒然苦了自己,有什么益处呢?(《历代题画类诗鉴赏宝典》)

译文及注释

译文


微风轻摇着庭院中的树木,细细的飞雪落入竹帘的缝隙。
雪花像雾一般在空中飘转着,凝结于台阶好似落花堆积。
看不见院中杨柳发芽迎春,只见桂枝上挂满白色的雪花。
伤心泪下,愁情无人可以倾诉,这般多情愁思又有何益?

注释

萦空:在空中萦绕、飘动。此处是写雪花凌空盘旋之姿。
凝阶:凝结于台阶。
杨柳春:指杨柳发出绿叶。
桂枝白:指桂树开花。
零泪:落泪。
道:诉说。


创作背景

  魏晋南北朝时,政治黑暗,社会动乱。知识分子只能寄情山水来排解心中的苦闷。吴均也因动乱而寄情山水风光,此诗即是诗人冬日于江南庭院中咏雪而作。


赏析

  这首诗写的是江南特有的细雪,诗人名为咏雪,实为伤怀。作品中所写的雪,既不是银妆素裹的旷野之雪,也不是漫天飞舞的吉征瑞兆之雪,而是江南庭院中的细雪。作者立于帘下,他的眼界也未曾超出庭院的上下前后。

  首句写风摇庭院之树,是因树动而知风,并且知是微风,显然庭树之动不同于大风下之摇动。次句的“细雪”与前面的“微风”相应,都具有江南雪景的特点。“下帘隙”的“下”,正与风之微、雪之细相应,故能从竹帘缝隙中落入。

  “萦空”二句写雪在空中、阶上之姿。这里的“转”为回环飘动之意。雪萦绕于空中如雾一样回转不定,这种状态唯“细雪”才能有。因其“细”,故能“萦空”,似乎久飘不下;因其“细”,故迷朦“如雾”。“凝阶”与“萦空”相对,但见“萦空”,但见阶上之雪凝积如花,而不见其飘落。这与“下帘隙”不同。诗人立于帘下,见帘边之雪,故知从帘隙落下。

  “不见”二句用反衬法过渡,“杨柳春”是联想之景,是虚写,“桂枝白”是眼前之景,是实写,“白”字从色彩上暗合“雪”。“不见”、“徒见”对比鲜明,突出了雪后玉树琼枝的美丽景象。其实,这两句的作用又不止于此,在“不见”、“徒见”的顿挫间还透露出诗人盼春、思春的情感信息。这一联是由写景转入抒情的关键。

  “零泪”二句则直接展现诗人自我。“零泪”是伤怀的表现。有感如此,却无人可以倾诉,故自责多情若此,无益。直以此二句表现诗人的苦寂、孤独之感。触发诗人“相思”、“零泪”的是何物,诗中没明确讲。然而从前面对雪景的描绘中可以探知他的心曲。诗中先言“似花积”,又以“不见”春与“徒看”相对举,雪似花而非花,今但见非花之雪,不见春叶、春花。诗人的“相思”,就在于为似花之雪所引起的向往,在于对“不见”的春之盼望,对桂枝上徒具似花外观的假象的叹惋,同时,也隐约透露出诗人对自己机遇难逢的感伤。▲



吴均(469年—520年) ,字叔庠,南朝梁文学家、史学家,吴兴故鄣(今浙江安吉)人。出身贫寒,性格耿直,好学有俊才。吴均既是历史学家,著《齐春秋》三十卷、注《后汉书》九十卷等;又是著名的文学家,有《吴均集》二十卷,惜皆已亡佚。

 



有才子曰:吴均《咏雪》微风摇庭树 细雪下帘隙

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  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001284s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000813s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001057s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000932s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001388s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001135s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001052s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001192s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.001309s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001215s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 623 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001125s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001637s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001013s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 2014 WHERE `id` = 623 [ RunTime:0.002497s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001407s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000990s ]
0.158804s