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孟浩然《自洛之越》且乐杯中物 谁论世上名
作者:孟浩然 发布日期:2022-12-05 点击数:3718

 

自洛之越
孟浩然 〔唐代〕


遑遑三十载,书剑两无成。
山水寻吴越,风尘厌洛京。
扁舟泛湖海,长揖谢公卿。
且乐杯中物,谁论世上名。
 

《自洛之越》是唐代诗人孟浩然的作品。这首诗既写了自洛赴越之事,又抒发了诗人的失意愤懑之情,同时刻划了一个落拓不羁,傲岸不群的抒情主人公形象。

名家点评

中国社科院文学研究所研究员文师华:“表现出对洛京风尘的厌弃。但当他泛舟湖海时,又不能放弃对仕宦的渴求。”(《孟浩然研究论丛 》)
襄樊学院文学教授宁松夫:“虽情词响亮,怒气张扬,但在用语上却把怨气限制在一己之私怨上,亦即限制在对自己个人怀才不遇的范畴之内。”(《孟浩然研究论丛 》)

译文及注释

译文


栖栖遑遑三十年,文名武功两个都没有有所成就。
去吴越寻觅山水,厌倦洛阳京都满眼的风尘。
乘一叶小舟去泛游镜湖,向达官显贵作个长揖。
姑且享受杯中美酒,为什么要计较世上功名?

注释

自洛之越:洛,今河南省洛阳市。之,往,到。越,今浙江地区,春秋时越国所在地。
遑遑(huáng):忙碌的样子。出自《列子》“遑遑尔竞一时之虚荣”。
吴越:今江苏、浙江地区,是古代吴国和越国所在地。
风尘:比喻世俗的纷扰。洛京:又称京洛,指洛阳,是唐朝东都。
扁(piān)舟:小舟。
长揖(yī):古人拱手为礼称揖,作揖时手自上至极下称长揖。“长揖谢公卿”是委婉表示自己不屈服于权贵。
杯中物:指酒。借用陶渊明《责子诗》中“且进杯中物”句意。
谁:何,哪。这里的用法与指人的“谁”不同。
论:计较。


赏析

  诗头两句回顾自己的过去。“遑遑三十载”,诗人此时四十一岁,自发蒙读书到举成数为三十载。“书剑两无成”,诗中用以自况,说自己三十多年辛辛苦苦地读书,结果一事无成,实是愤激之语。

  “山水寻吴越,风尘厌洛京”,两句前后倒装,每句句中又倒装。本来是因为“厌洛京风尘”,所以“寻吴越山水”。一倒装,诗句顿时劲健,符合格律,富于表现力。一个“厌”字,形象地表现出诗人旅居长安洛阳的厌烦心绪。诗人在长安是求仕,从他在洛阳与公卿的交往看,仍在继续谋求出仕。但是,半年多的奔走毫无结果,以致诗人终于厌烦,想到吴越寻山问水,洗除胸中的郁闷。“扁舟泛湖海”是“山水寻吴越”路线的具体化。

  诗人乘船从洛阳出发,经汴河而入运河,经运河达于杭州(越中)。诗人计划要游太湖,泛海游永嘉(今浙江温州),因此湖海并没有叙述过多。公卿,指达官显贵。古代百姓见公卿要行叩拜的大礼,而诗人告别他们却用平辈交往的礼节——长揖,作个大揖,表现出诗人平交王侯的气概。诗人“长揖谢公卿”表现的是他一生为人傲岸。诗人并不因为求仕失意,就向公卿摇尾乞怜,因此李白说他“高山安可仰,徒此揖清芬”(《赠孟浩然》)。

  “且乐杯中物”是借用陶渊明的《责子诗》“天运苟如此,且进杯中物”。末尾两句暗用张翰的话:“使我有身后名,不如即时一杯酒。”(《晋书·文苑·张翰传》)大意说:“我且喝酒乐我的,管他什么名不名。这也是愤激之辞。诗人素有强烈的功名心,希望像鸿鹄那样搏击长空,一展宏图。但是,怀才不遇,不被赏识,报国无门,只好去游山玩水。

  这首诗词诗人原本满腹牢骚,但表达时处处自怨自艾,而流落不偶的遭际却不言自明。中间两联扣题,实写自洛赴越,把洛阳与吴越联系起来。中间两联意思连接很紧,首尾跳跃很大。首联总结自己勤勉失意的一生,尾联表明自己对人生的态度。诗人辞别洛阳前往吴越,目的纯粹是为了去寻求名山佳水,想在自然山水中忘掉世俗,找到归宿。孟浩然虽然一生布衣,但心中进与退、仕与隐的矛盾一直存在,并且延续到晚年。但这首诗却干净利落地摈弃尘俗,不论功名,是他特定时期真实心情的写照。▲


创作背景

  孟浩然四十岁到长安考科举,但是没有考取到功名,大约在公元728年(开元十六年)到东都洛阳游览。在洛阳滞留了半年多,次年秋,从洛阳动身漫游吴越(今江苏浙江一带)。这首诗就作于诗人从洛阳往游吴越前夕,故诗题作“自洛之越”。


孟浩然(689年—740年),字浩然,号孟山人,襄州襄阳(今湖北襄阳)人,唐代著名的山水田园派诗人,世称“孟襄阳”。因他未曾入仕,又称之为“孟山人”。孟浩然生于盛唐,早年有志用世,在仕途困顿、痛苦失望后,尚能自重,不媚俗世,修道归隐终身。曾隐居鹿门山。40岁时,游长安,应进士举不第。曾在太学赋诗,名动公卿,一座倾服,为之搁笔。开元二十五年(737)张九龄招致幕府,后隐居。孟诗绝大部分为五言短篇,多写山水田园和隐居的逸兴以及羁旅行役的心情。其中虽不无愤世嫉俗之词,而更多属于诗人的自我表现。孟浩然的诗在艺术上有独特的造诣,后人把孟浩然与盛唐另一山水诗人王维并称为“王孟”,有《孟浩然集》三卷传世。

 



有才子曰:孟浩然《自洛之越》且乐杯中物 谁论世上名

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  139. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  140. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
  145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001060s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.001568s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000927s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.001463s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001512s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.001150s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000959s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001295s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000929s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001101s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001040s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000895s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001252s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000731s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.002260s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 625 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001143s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001310s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000951s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 3719 WHERE `id` = 625 [ RunTime:0.002925s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000965s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000889s ]
0.157425s