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采菊东篱下,悠然见南山的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:216
  采菊东篱下,悠然见南山的意思

  在园地里采菊时无意中望到庐山,一种悠然之乐油然而生。

  《饮酒》

  陶渊明

  结庐在人境,而无车马喧。

  问君何能尔?心远地自偏。

  采菊东篱下,悠然见南山。

  山气日夕佳,飞鸟相与还。

  此中有真意,欲辨已忘言。

  赏析

  《饮酒》组诗共二十首,此为第五首。前有小序,说明全是醉后的作品,不是一时所写,并无内在联系,兴至挥毫,独立成篇。这首主要表现隐居生活的情趣,于劳动之余,饮酒致醉之后,在晚霞的辉映之下,在山岚的笼罩中,采菊东篱,遥望南山,此时情味,何其深永!陶诗的一大特色就是朴厚,感觉和情理浑然一体,不可分割。他常常用“忘言”“忘怀”等词语阻断对情理规律的探索和揭示,这或者就是诗歌回归自然的一种表现。

  这首《饮酒》诗,对后世影响很大:孟浩然的《过故人庄》,李清照的《醉花阴》等名篇都有此诗的影子。

  这首诗以情为主,融情入景,写出了诗人归隐田园后生活悠闲自得的心境。

  这首诗的意境可分两层,前四句为一层,写诗人摆脱尘俗烦扰后的感受,表现了诗人鄙弃官场,不与统治者同流合污的思想感情。后六句为一层,写南山的美好晚景和诗人从中获得的无限乐趣。表现了诗人热爱田园生活的真情和高洁人格。

  “结庐在人境,而无车马喧”,写诗人虽然居住在污浊的人世间,却不受尘俗的烦扰。“车马喧”,正是官场上你争我夺、互相倾轧、奔走钻营的各种丑态的写照。但是,陶渊明“结庐的人境”,并不是十分偏僻的地方,怎么会听不到车马的喧闹呢?诗人好像领会了读者的心理,所以用了一个设问句“问君何能尔”,然后自己回答“心远地自偏”。只要思想上远离了那些达官贵人们的车马喧嚣,其他方面也自然地与他们没有纠缠了。这四句,包含着精辟的人生哲理,它告诉我们,人的精神世界,是可以自我净化的,在一定的条件下,只要发挥个人的主观能动性,就可以改变客观环境对自己的影响,到处都可以找到生活的乐趣。“心远”一词,反映了诗人超尘脱俗,毫无名利之念的精神世界。

  “采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”,这是千年以来脍炙人口的名句。因为有了“心远地自偏”的精神境界,才会悠闲地在篱下采菊,抬头见山,是那样地怡然自得,那样地超凡脱俗!这两句以客观景物的描写衬托出诗人的闲适心情,“悠然”二字用得很妙,说明诗人所见所感,非有意寻求,而是不期而遇。苏东坡对这两句颇为称道:“采菊之次,偶然见山,初不用意,而境与意会,故可喜也。”“见”字也用得极妙,“见”是无意中的偶见,南山的美景正好与采菊时悠然自得的心境相映衬,合成物我两忘的“无我之境”。如果用“望”字,便是心中先有南山,才有意去望,成了“有我之境”,就失去了一种忘机的天真意趣。南山究竟有什么胜景,致使诗人如此赞美呢?接下去就是“山气日夕佳,飞鸟相与还”,这也是诗人无意中看见的景色,在南山那美好的黄昏景色中,飞鸟结伴飞返山林,万物自由自在,适性而动,正像诗人摆脱官场束缚,悠然自在,诗人在这里悟出了自然界和人生的真谛。“此中有真意,欲辨已忘言。”诗人从这大自然的飞鸟、南山、夕阳、秋菊中悟出了什么真意呢?是万物运转、各得其所的自然法则吗?是对远古纯朴自足的理想社会的向往吗?是任其自然的人生哲理吗?是直率真挚的品格吗?诗人都没有明确地表示,只是含蓄地提出问题,让读者去思考,而他则“欲辨己忘言”。如果结合前面“结庐在人境,而无车马喧”来理解,“真意”我们可以理解为人生的真正意义,那就是人生不应该汲汲于名利,不应该被官场的龌龊玷污了自己自然的天性,而应该回到自然中去,去欣赏大自然的无限清新和生机勃勃!当然,这个“真意”的内涵很大,作者没有全部说出来,也无须说出来,这两句哲理性的小结给读者以言已尽而意无穷的想象余地,令人回味无穷。

  全诗以平易朴素的语言写景抒情叙理,形式和内容达到高度的统一,无论是写南山傍晚美景,还是或抒归隐的悠然自得之情,或叙田居的怡然之乐,或道人生之真意,都既富于情趣,又饶有理趣。如“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”、“山气日夕佳,飞鸟相与还”,那样景、情、理交融于一体的名句不用说,就是“问君何能尔?心远地自偏”,“此中有真意,欲辨已忘言”这样的句子,虽出语平淡,朴素自然,却也寄情深长,托意高远,蕴理隽永,耐人咀嚼,有无穷的理趣和情趣。

  译文

  我家建在众人聚居繁华道,可从没有烦神应酬车马喧闹。

  要问我怎能如此超凡洒脱,心灵避离尘俗自然幽静远邈。

  东墙下采撷清菊心情徜徉,猛然抬头喜见南山胜景绝妙。

  暮色中缕缕彩雾萦绕升腾,结队的鸟儿回翔远山的怀抱。

  南山仰止啊,这有人生的真义,我该怎样表达内心中的深奥!



有才子曰:诗词赏析:采菊东篱下,悠然见南山的意思

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  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
  145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000366s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000526s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000288s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000346s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000239s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000325s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000264s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000317s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000262s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000254s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000261s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000239s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000333s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000200s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000391s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6260 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000308s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000365s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000232s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 217 WHERE `id` = 6260 [ RunTime:0.001613s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000234s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000303s ]
0.074035s