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无意苦争春,一任群芳妒什么意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:212
  无意苦争春,一任群芳妒什么意思?

  飘落在地碾成尘粉,依旧散发着幽雅的清香。

  《卜算子》

  陆游

  驿外断桥边,寂寞开无主。已是黄昏独自愁,更著风和雨。

  无意苦争春,一任群芳妒。零落成泥碾作尘,只有香如故。

  译文

  驿亭之外的断桥边,梅花自开自落,无人理睬。暮色降临,梅花无依无靠,已经够愁苦了,却又遭到了风雨的摧残。梅花并不想费尽心思去争芳斗艳,对百花的妒忌与排斥毫不在乎。即使凋零了,被碾作泥土,又化作尘土了,梅花依然和往常一样散发出缕缕清香。

  [赏析]

  这首词以梅喻人,人阕写梅的处境和遭遇:寂寞无主,还要加上风雨催逼!下阕写梅的气节操守:无意争春,即便是零落成泥,依然保持那一份清香!我们从梅花的命运与品格中不仅可看到词人仕途坎坷的身影,而且读出词人像梅花般冰清玉洁的精神世界。

  这首《卜算子》以“咏梅”为题,咏物寓志,表达了自己孤高雅洁的志趣。这正和独爱莲之出淤泥而不染,濯清涟而不妖的濂溪先生(周敦颐)以莲花自喻一样,作者亦是以梅花自喻。陆游曾经称赞梅花“雪虐风饕愈凛然,花中气节最高坚”(《落梅》)。梅花如此清幽绝俗,出于众花之上,可是“如今”竟开在郊野的驿站外面,破败不堪的“断桥”,自然是人迹罕至、寂寥荒寒、梅花也就倍受冷落了。从这一句可知它既不是官府中的梅,也不是名园中的梅,而是一株生长在荒僻郊外的“野梅”。它既得不到应有的护理,更谈不上会有人来欣赏。随着四季的代谢,它默默地开了,又默默地凋落了。它孑然一身,四顾茫然──有谁肯一顾呢,它可是无主的梅呵。“寂寞开无主”一句,作者将自己的感情倾注在客观景物之中,首句是景语,这句已是情语了。

  日落黄昏,暮色朦胧,这孑然一身、无人过问的梅花,何以承受这凄凉呢?它只有“愁”──而且是“独自愁”,这与上句的“寂寞”相呼应。驿外断桥、暮色、黄昏,原本已寂寞愁苦不堪,但更添凄风冷雨,孤苦之情更深一层。“更著”这两个字力重千钧,前三句似将梅花困苦处境描写已至其但二句“更著风和雨”似一记重锤将前面的“极限”打得崩溃。这种愁苦仿佛无人能承受,至此感情渲染已达高潮,然而尽管环境是如此冷峻,它还是“开”了。它,“万树寒无色,南枝独有花”(道源);它,“万花敢向雪中出,一树独先天下春”(杨维桢)。上阕四句,只言梅花处境恶劣、于梅花只作一“开”字,但是其倔强、顽强已不言自明。

  上阕集中写了梅花的困难处境,它也的确还有“愁”。从艺术手法说,写愁时作者没有用诗人、词人们那套惯用的比喻手法,把愁写得像这像那,而是用环境、时光和自然现象来烘托。况周颐说:“词有淡远取神,只描取景物,而神致自在言外,此为高手。”(《蕙风词话》)就是说,作者描写这么多“景物”,是为了获得梅花的“神致”;“深于言情者,正在善于写景”(田同之《西圃词说》)。上阕四句可说是“情景双绘”。让读者从一系列景物中感受到作者的特定环境下的心绪──愁。也让读者逐渐踏入作者的心境。

  下阕托梅寄志。梅花,它开得最早。“万木冻欲折,孤根暖独回”(齐已);“不知近水花先发,疑是经冬雪未消”(张谓)。是它迎来了春天。但它却“无意苦争春”。春天,百花怒放,争丽斗妍,而梅花却不去“苦争春”,凌寒先发,只有迎春报春的赤诚。“苦”者,抵死、拼命、尽力也。从侧面讽刺了群芳。梅花并非有意相争,即使“群芳”有“妒心”,那也是它们自己的事情,就“一任”它们去嫉妒吧。在词中,写物与写人,完全交织在一起了。草木无情,花开花落,是自然现象。其中却暗含着作者的不幸遭遇揭露了苟且偷安的那些人的无耻行径。说“争春”,是暗喻人事;“妒”,则非草木所能有。这两句表现出陆游性格孤高,决不与争宠邀媚、阿谀逢迎之徒为伍的品格和不畏谗毁、坚贞自守的崚崚傲骨。

  最后几句,把梅花的“独标高格”,再推进一层:“零落成泥碾作尘,只有香如故”。前句承上阕的寂寞无主、黄昏日落、风雨交侵等凄惨境遇。这句七个字四次顿挫:“零落”,不堪雨骤风狂的摧残,梅花纷纷凋落了,这是第一层。落花委地,与泥水混杂,不辩何者是花,何者是泥了,这是第二层。从“碾”字,显示出摧残者的无情,被摧残者的凄惨境遇,这是第三层。结果呢,梅花被摧残、被践踏而化作灰尘了。这是第四层。看,梅花的命运有多么悲惨,简直不堪入目令人不敢去想像。读者已经融入了字里行间所透露出的情感中。但作者的目的决不是单为写梅花的悲惨遭遇,引起人们的同情;从写作手法上来说,仍是铺垫,是蓄势,是为了把下句的词意推上最高峰。虽说梅花凋落了,被践踏成泥土了,被碾成尘灰了。“只有香如故”,它那“别有韵致”的香味,却永远“如故”,仍然不屈服于寂寞无主、风雨交侵的威胁,只是尽自己之能,一丝一毫也不会改变。即使是凋落了,化为“尘”了,也要“香如故”。

  末句具有扛鼎之力,它振起全篇,把前面梅花的不幸处境,风雨侵凌,凋残零落,成泥作的凄凉、衰飒、悲戚,一股脑儿抛到九霄云外去了。正是“末句想见劲节”(卓人月《词统》)。而这“劲节”得以“想见”,正是由于该词十分成功地运用比兴手法作者以梅花自喻,以梅花的自然代谢来形容自己,已将梅花人格化。“咏梅”,实为表白自己的思想感情,给人们留下了十分深刻的印象,成为一首咏梅的杰作。



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  132. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/TableFieldInfo.php ( 2.63 KB )
  133. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-orm/src/db/concern/Transaction.php ( 2.77 KB )
  134. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/driver/File.php ( 5.96 KB )
  135. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/LogHandlerInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  136. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/log/Channel.php ( 3.89 KB )
  137. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/event/LogRecord.php ( 1.02 KB )
  138. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/Collection.php ( 16.47 KB )
  139. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  140. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
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  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000368s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000489s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000306s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000359s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000246s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000341s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000264s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000289s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000265s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000255s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000273s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000239s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000338s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000205s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000422s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6278 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000295s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000354s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000230s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 213 WHERE `id` = 6278 [ RunTime:0.001605s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000247s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000258s ]
0.073851s