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寒雨连江夜入吴,平明送客楚山孤的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:194
  寒雨连江夜入吴,平明送客楚山孤的意思

  透着寒意的雨洒落在大地上,迷蒙的烟雨笼罩着吴地。清晨,当我送别友人之时,感到自己就像楚山一样孤独寂寞。

  芙蓉楼送辛渐

  王昌龄

  寒雨连江夜入吴,平明送客楚山孤。

  洛阳亲友如相问,一片冰心在玉壶。

  赏析

  《芙蓉楼送辛渐》是诗人谪贬江宁丞时的作品,原作二首,这里所选诗为其第一首。芙蓉楼原名西北楼,故址在润州(今江苏镇江)西北,登临可以俯瞰长江,遥望江北,辛渐是诗人的挚友,此次由润州渡江,取道扬州,北上洛阳。王昌龄陪他从江宁到润州,然后在此分手。此诗虽为送别之作,却意在表白自己的胸襟和情操,给人以深沉、郁悒、高洁之感。

  “寒雨连江夜入吴”,迷蒙的烟雨笼罩着吴地江天,织成了无边无际的愁网。夜雨增添了萧瑟的秋意,也渲染出离别的黯淡气氛。那寒意不仅弥漫在满江烟雨之中,更沁透在两个离人的心头。“连”字和“入”字写出雨势的平稳连绵,江雨悄然而来的动态能为人分明地感知,则诗人因离情萦怀而一夜未眠的情景也自可想见。但是,这一幅水天相连、浩渺迷茫的吴江夜雨图,不也展现了一种极其高远壮阔的境界吗?中晚唐诗和婉约派宋词往往将雨声写在窗下梧桐、檐前铁马、池中残荷等等琐物上,而王昌龄却并不实写如何感知秋雨来临的细节,他只是将听觉视觉和想象概括成连江入吴的雨势,以大片淡墨染出满纸烟雨,这就用浩大的气魄烘托了“平明送客楚山孤”的开阔意境。

  第二句“平明送客楚山孤”,点出了送别的时间和地理环境。雨后的清晨,天气初晴,青山滴翠,孤峙兀立。一个“孤”字,也形象地传达了诗人此时的心境。因为王昌龄时常遭谗受诬,难得有挚友入吴一吐胸中块垒,好不容易盼来辛渐这一知己,今朝却又要分手北上,心中的孤寂恐非言语能形容。

  “洛阳亲友如相问,一片冰心在玉壶”二句,写的是诗人对辛渐的叮咛和托付之语。意思是说:“你到达洛阳后,假如有亲戚朋友询问我遭贬后的近况,你可以告诉他们,我的人格高尚、品行光明磊落、为官清廉自守,如一洁美的冰心之储于玉壶,无可自惭处。这两句诗并不仅仅是诗人的自我表白,更是诗人以凛然的姿态对小人谤议攻讦所进行的驳击,充分表现出诗人不肯屈从于恶势力的顽强斗争精神。

  这首诗虽然是写给可以与之推心置腹的挚友的,因为抒怀所以语言是相当含蓄的。特别是“玉壶冰”这古老比喻的运用,就更使此诗收到“言近意远”的艺术效果。王昌龄这里借“玉壶冰”来隐喻、表白自己的志行高洁,和虽遭贬谪却不改其高洁情操的决心,不仅比喻贴切,而且也使诗中的形象更加生动、富于立体感。“玉壶”和“冰心”都是洁美的象征,然而经“一片冰心在玉壶”一句的巧妙组合,却将二者从形象的属性上升为独立的形象,从而完成了诗歌境界的飞跃和升华。

  王昌龄不仅是一位才华出众的诗人,而且也是我国古典诗歌理论的不懈的探索者。《新唐书·艺文志》就载其诗论文章《诗格》二卷。在《诗格》中,他曾首倡“意境”的理论,主张写景、状物、抒情三者的浑然结合,认为意境之中“景与意相兼始好”。为了创造优美动人、具有审美价值的意境,他又强调重视“起”、“结”的艺术表现技法。他认为,诗的发句应是“题目外直树一句景物当时者,第二句始言题目意”,而“每至落句,常须含思,不得令语尽思穷”。在创作上,王昌龄也实践了自己的诗歌理论。《芙蓉楼送辛渐》的第一句“寒雨连江夜入吴”,是“直树一句景物当时者”;它即景生情,为诗的画面勾勒出广阔的背景;第二句“平明送客楚山孤”,旨在揭示题意;诗的第三句,由写景而转至抒情,第四句“一片冰心在玉壶”却又出人意料,意味深长,正因为他的诗歌注意起、结艺术,所以其开头往往如“凤头”,美丽、鲜艳、引人注目,诱人深读;而其结句又如“豹尾”或美人“临去秋波那一转”,给人以深沉的含蓄美。

  译文

  透着寒意的雨洒落在大地上,迷蒙的烟雨笼罩着吴地。清晨,当我送别友人之时,感到自己就像楚山一样孤独寂寞。洛阳的亲朋好友如果向你问起我,就请转告他们:我的心,依然像一颗珍藏在玉壶中的冰一样晶莹纯洁。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:寒雨连江夜入吴,平明送客楚山孤的意思

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  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000373s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000518s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000298s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000450s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000267s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000367s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000257s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000321s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000276s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000259s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000262s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000266s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000347s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000202s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000425s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6279 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000296s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000354s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000228s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 195 WHERE `id` = 6279 [ RunTime:0.001682s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000227s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000258s ]
0.073911s