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行到水穷处,坐看云起时什么意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:246
  行到水穷处,坐看云起时什么意思?

  每走到水流穷尽的地方,便是我闲坐观看浮云飘荡的时候。

  《终南别业》

  王维

  中岁颇好道,晚家南山陲。

  兴来每独往,胜事空自知。

  行到水穷处,坐看云起时。

  偶然值林叟,谈笑无还期。

  【赏析】

  这首诗属于近体诗中的五律,是唐代山水田园诗人王维的代表作之一。诗中把退隐后自得其乐的闲适情趣,写得有声有色,惟妙惟肖。诗人兴致来了就独自信步漫游,走到水的尽头就坐看行云变幻,这生动地刻画了一位隐居者的形象,如见其人。同山间老人谈谈笑笑,把回家的时间也忘了,十分自由惬意,这是诗人捕捉到了典型环境中的典型事例,突出地表现了退隐者豁达的性格。诗语平白如话,却极具功力,诗味、理趣二者兼备。

  开头两句:“中岁颇好道,晚家南山陲。”叙述诗人中年以后即厌尘俗,而信奉佛教。“晚”是晚年;“南山陲”指辋川别墅所在地。此处原为宋之问别墅,王维得到这个地方后,完全被那里秀丽、寂静的田园山水陶醉了。他在《山中与裴秀才迪书》的信中说:“足下方温经,猥不敢相烦。辄便往山中,憩感兴寺,与山僧饭讫而去。北涉玄灞,清月映郭;夜登华子冈,辋水沦涟,与月上下。寒山远火,明灭林外;深巷寒犬,吠声如豹;村墟夜舂,复与疏钟相间。此时独坐,僮仆静默,多思曩昔携手赋诗,步仄径、临清流也。”

  这段描述可以说明诗中第二联“兴来每独往,胜事空自知”中透露出来的闲情逸致。上一句“独往”,写出诗人的勃勃兴致;下一句“自知”,又写出诗人欣赏美景时的乐趣。与诗人有着同样兴趣爱好的人不多,兴致来时,他惟有独自游览,赏景怡情,能自得其乐,随处若有所得,他不求人知,只求自己心会其趣而已。

  第青藤作文,即说“胜事自知”。“行到水穷处”,是说随意而行,走到哪里算哪里,然而不知不觉,竟来到流水的尽头,看是无路可走了,于是索性就地坐了下来。

  “坐看云起时”,是心情悠闲到极点的表示。云本来就给人以悠闲的感觉,也给人以无心的印象,因此陶潜才有“云无心以出岫”的话(见《归去来辞》)。通过这一行、一到、一坐、一看的描写,诗人此时心境的闲适也就明白地揭示出来了。此二句深为后代诗家所赞赏。近人俞陛云说:“行至水穷,若已到尽头,而又看云起,见妙境之无穷。可悟处世事变之无穷,求学之义理亦无穷。此二句有一片化机之妙。”(《诗境浅说》)这是很有见地的。再从艺术上看,这二句诗是诗中有画,天然便是一幅山水画。《宣和画谱》指出:“‘行到水穷处,坐看云起时’及‘白云回望合,青霭入看无’之类,以其句法,皆所画也。”

  王维的诗与画极富禅机禅意,文学史上尊他为「诗佛」。他的两句话「行到水穷处,坐看云起时」,「水穷处」指的是什么?登山时溯流而上,走到最后溪流不见了。有一个可能是该处为山泉的发源地,掩于地表之下。另一个可能 是下雨之后汇集而成的涧水在此地干枯了。这个登山者走着走着,走到水不见了,索性坐下来,看见山岭上云朵涌起。原来水上了天了,变成了云,云又可以变成雨,到时山涧又会有水了,何必绝望?

  人生境界也是如此。在生命过程中,不论经营爱情、事业、学问等,勇往直前,后来竟发现是一条没法走的绝路,山穷水尽的悲哀失落难免出现。此时不妨往旁边或回头看,也许有别的路通往别处;即使根本没路可走,往天空看吧!虽然身体在绝境中,但是心灵还可以畅游太空,自在、愉快地欣赏大自然,体会宽广深远的人生境界,不觉得自己穷途末路。

  此句有两种意境第一种,身处绝境时不要失望,因为那正是希望的开始;山里的水是因雨而有的,有云起来就表示水快来了。 另一种境界是,即使现在不下雨也没关系,总有一天会下雨。 从水穷到云起到下雨的过程,正如一个人在修行过程中遇到很大的困难,有身体的障碍,有心理的障碍,还有环境的障碍。如果因此而退心,要把念头回到初发心的观点上。初发心就是初发菩提心的时候。初发心时什么也没有,对修行的方法、观念都不了解。你先回溯当时的情形再看看目前,不是已经走了相当长的路了吗?所以不要失望,不要放弃。人生的每个阶段也都可能发生这种状况,如果用这种诗境来看待,处处会有活路的

  最后一联:“偶然值林叟,谈笑无还期。”突出了“偶然”二字。其实不止遇见这林叟是出于偶然,本来出游便是乘兴而去,带有偶然性。“行到水穷处”又是偶然。“偶然”二字贯穿上下,成为此次出游的一个特色。而且正因处处偶然,所以处处都是“无心的遇合”,更显出心中的悠闲,如行云自由翱翔,如流水自由流淌,形迹毫无拘束。它写出了诗人那种天性淡逸,超然物外的风采,对于读者了解王维的思想是有认识意义的。

  这首诗没有描绘具体的山川景物,而重在表现诗人隐居山间时悠闲自得的心境。诗的前六句自然闲静,诗人的形象如同一位不食人间烟火的世外高人,他不问世事,视山间为乐土。不刻意探幽寻胜,而能随时随处领略到大自然的美好。结尾两句,引入人的活动,带来生活气息,诗人的形象也更为可亲。

  译文

  (我)中年以后厌尘俗喧嚣,信奉佛教,晚年定居安家在南山边陲,常游山水。兴致来了,就独自一人前往欣赏这美丽的景色,这种美好的事只能自得其乐。随意而行,不知不觉,竟走到流水的尽头,看是无路可走了,于是索性就地坐下来,看那悠闲无心的云兴起漂游。遇见山林中的一位老者,就与他谈论山间水边之事,相与留连,忘了回去的时间。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:行到水穷处,坐看云起时什么意思

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  137. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/event/LogRecord.php ( 1.02 KB )
  138. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-helper/src/Collection.php ( 16.47 KB )
  139. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  140. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
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  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000364s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000554s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000302s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000380s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000248s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000360s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000282s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000312s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000258s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000271s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000248s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000253s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000345s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000223s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000415s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6286 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000302s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000363s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000258s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 247 WHERE `id` = 6286 [ RunTime:0.001900s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000223s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000274s ]
0.075093s