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杜耒《寒夜》寒夜客来茶当酒 竹炉汤沸火初红
作者:杜耒 发布日期:2022-12-10 点击数:3700

 

寒夜
杜耒 〔宋代〕


寒夜客来茶当酒,竹炉汤沸火初红。

寻常一样窗前月,才有梅花便不同。
 

《寒夜》是南宋诗人杜耒创作的一首七言绝句。这是一首清新淡雅而又韵味无穷的友情诗。诗的前两句写客人寒夜来访,主人点火烧茶,招待客人;后两句又写到窗外刚刚绽放的梅花,使得今晚的窗前月别有一番韵味,显得和平常不一样。整首诗语言清新、自然,无雕琢之笔,表现的意境清新、隽永,让人回味无穷。

名家点评

宋黄昇《玉林清话》指出:苏泂《金陵》诗“人家一样垂杨柳,种在宫墙自不同”与杜耒诗“寻常一样窗前月,才有梅花便不同”意思相同,都意有旁指。

译文及注释

译文


冬夜有客来访,一杯热茶当美酒,围坐炉前,火炉炭火刚红,水便在壶里沸腾。
月光照射在窗前,与平时并没有什么两样,只是窗前有几枝梅花在月光下幽幽地开着。

注释

竹炉:指用竹篾做成的套子套着的火炉。  
汤沸:热水沸腾。
元朝揭傒斯《寒夜》:
疏星冻霜空,流月湿林薄。
虚馆人不眠,时闻一叶落。
当代阿袁(即陈忠远)《寒夜》:
"大国何人怜,纷纷为小我。寒夜风雨声,广厦万间破。"


鉴赏

  这是一首清新淡雅而又韵味无穷的友情诗。诗的前两句写客人寒夜来访,主人点火烧茶,招待客人;后两句又写到窗外刚刚绽放的梅花,使得今晚的窗前月别有一番韵味,显得和平常不一样。整首诗语言清新、自然,无雕琢之笔,表现的意境清新、隽永,让人回味无穷。

  “寒夜客来茶当酒”,几被当作口头话来运用。常在口头的话,说的时候往往用不着思考,脱口而出,可是细细品味,总是有多层转折,“寒夜客来茶当酒”一句,就可以让人产生很多联想。首先,客人来了,主人不去备酒,这客人必是熟客,是常客,可以“倚杖无时夜敲门”,主人不必专门备酒,也不必因为没有酒而觉得怠慢客人。其次,在寒冷的夜晚,有兴趣出门访客的,一定不是俗人,他与主人定有共同的语言,共同的雅兴,情谊很深,所以能与主人寒夜煮茗,围炉清谈,不在乎有酒没酒。

  前两句,诗人与客人夜间在火炉前,火炉炭火刚红,壶中热水滚滚,主客以茶代酒,一起喝着芳香的浓茶,向火深谈;而屋外是寒气逼人,屋内是温暖如春,诗人的心情也与屋外的境地迥别。

  三、四句便换个角度,以写景融入说理。夜深了,明月照在窗前,窗外透进了阵阵寒梅的清香。这两句写主客在窗前交谈得很投机,却有意无意地牵入梅花,于是心里觉得这见惯了的月色也较平常不一样了。诗人写梅,固然有赞叹梅花高洁的意思在内,更多的是在暗赞来客。寻常一样窗前月,来了志同道合的朋友,在月光下啜茗清谈,这气氛可就与平常大不一样了。

  诗看似随笔挥洒,但很形象地反映了诗人喜悦的心情,耐人寻味。宋黄昇《玉林清话》对三、四句很赞赏,并指出苏泂《金陵》诗“人家一样垂杨柳,种在宫墙自不同”与杜耒诗意思相同,都意有旁指,可说真正读出了诗外之味。
 

赏析

  善用衬托(或映衬、陪衬):因有梅花的陪衬,窗前月才别有一番韵味,不仅是嗅觉,视觉上也使人大觉不相同。  

  巧用暗示(或喻示、双关):“才有梅花”与朋友夜访相呼应,梅花又象征了友谊的高雅芬芳。  

  铺有细节(或铺垫、渲染):寒夜客访、主家火红,宾客情重两相顾及,知人情之暖,胜过冬夜之寒。这些使得今夜的月色较先前格外地不同了。


杜耒lěi(?——1225),南宋诗人。字子野,号小山,今江西抚州人。尝官主簿,后入山阳帅幕,理宗宝庆三年死于军乱。其事迹见于《续资治通鉴》卷一六四。

 



有才子曰:杜耒《寒夜》寒夜客来茶当酒 竹炉汤沸火初红

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  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001176s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000920s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001530s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.001138s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000901s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.001313s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.001017s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.001528s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 630 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001067s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.001243s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000894s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 3701 WHERE `id` = 630 [ RunTime:0.002511s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 79 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000717s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000838s ]
0.155501s