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感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心的意思
作者: 发布日期:2020-04-15 点击数:264
  感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心的意思

  感伤时局看见花开反而落泪,怅恨别离听到鸟鸣不禁惊心。

  《春望》

  杜甫

  国破山河在,城春草木深。

  感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心。

  烽火连三月,家书抵万金。

  白头搔更短,浑欲不胜簪。

  赏析

  唐玄宗天宝十四年(755)冬,安史之乱爆发,第二年六月叛军攻陷长安,七月肃宗李亨在灵武即位,改元至德。此时,杜甫自鄜州羌村只身北上欲投奔肃宗,途中被安史叛军所俘,带到长安。至德二年(757)春,杜甫在长安眺望美好的春色又降临到满目残败的京城,伤时感乱,忧国思家,写下了这首五律名篇。

  这首五言律诗,首联以工对的句式和概括的笔法,描写了春望所见国都残破荒凉的景象。一个“破”字写出了国都的沦陷,一个“深”字表现了景象的凄凉,并且景物的描写之中寄托了深沉的感慨,也奠定了全诗的基调。此联对仗工巧,“国破”对“城春”景象相反,而“国破”与“山河在”、“城春”和“草木深”也都是意思相背而出,巧用对比反衬,翻新出奇。颔联以拟人化的手法借物传情、移情于景,巧妙地传达出了春望的内心感受,手法别致而意蕴深厚。颈联写春望所感发的国忧家愁,上句紧扣“感时”写国忧,下句紧承“恨别”抒家愁。“烽火连三月”形象地概括了战乱不息的局势,“家书抵万金”又写出了盼望家人音讯的急迫心情。尾联以春望中诗人自我形象的描写而结尾,诗人直接传达出的是衰老的感叹,但何尝不是国破家愁所致?意脉不仅浑然贯通,而且增加了内心深处的愁苦与悲哀的抒写。

  这首诗以“春”为背景,以“望”为线索,由景入情,情景交融。前四句主要是写春望之景,睹物伤怀。首联情寓景中,颔联移情于景。后四句主要是写春望之情,忧国思家。颈联借物言情,尾联以人传情。此诗结构巧妙,各联之间注意呼应勾连,层层相因,浑然一体。诗歌以国忧家愁为情感底蕴,风格沉郁悲凉,而又是以景、事、人的形象传达情感意蕴,因此又有意在言外、含蓄蕴藉的效果。

  诗的前四句写春城败象,饱含感叹;后四句写心念亲人境况,充溢离情。全诗沉着蕴藉,真挚自然。

  “国破山河在,城春草木深。”开篇即写春望所见:国都沦陷,城池残破,虽然山河依旧,可是乱草遍地,林木苍苍。一个“破”字,使人怵目惊心,继而一个“深”字,令人满目凄然。司马光说:“‘山河在’,明无余物矣;‘草木深’,明无人矣。”(《温公续诗话》)诗人在此明为写景,实为抒感,寄情于物,托感于景,为全诗创造了气氛。此联对仗工巧,圆熟自然,诗意翻跌。“国破”对“城春”,两意相反。“国破”的颓垣残壁同富有生意的“城春”对举,对照强烈。“国破”之下继以“山河在”,意思相反,出人意表;“城春”原当为明媚之景,而后缀以“草木深”则叙荒芜之状,先后相悖,又是一翻。明代胡震亨极赞此联说:“对偶未尝不精,而纵横变幻,尽越陈规,浓淡浅深,动夺天巧。”(《唐音癸签》卷九)

  “感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心。”这两句一般解释是,对乱世别离的悲凉情景,花也为之落泪,鸟也为之惊心。作者触景生情,移情于物,正见好诗含蕴之丰富。并运用互文手法,可译为“感时恨别花溅泪,感时恨别鸟惊心”。

  诗的这前四句,都统在“望”字中。诗人俯仰瞻视,视线由近而远,又由远而近,视野从城到山河,再由满城到花鸟。感情则由隐而显,由弱而强,步步推进。在景与情的变化中,仿佛可见诗人由翘首望景,逐步地转入了低头沉思,自然地过渡到后半部分——想望亲人。

  “烽火连三月,家书抵万金。”自安史叛乱以来,“烽火苦教乡信断”,直到如今春深三月,战火仍连续不断。多么盼望家中亲人的消息,这时的一封家信真是胜过“万金”啊!“家书抵万金”,写出了消息隔绝久盼音讯不至时的迫切心情,这是人人心中所有的想法,很自然地使人共鸣,因而成了千古传诵的名句。

  “白头搔更短,浑欲不胜簪。”烽火遍地,家信不通,想念远方的惨戚之象,眼望面前的颓败之景,不觉于极无聊赖之际,搔首踌躇,顿觉稀疏短发,几不胜簪。“白发”为愁所致,“搔”为想要解愁的动作,“更短”可见愁的程度。这样,在国破家亡,离乱伤痛之外,又叹息衰老,则更增一层悲哀。

  这首诗反映了诗人热爱国家、眷念家人的美好情操,意脉贯通而不平直,情景兼具而不游离,感情强烈而不浅露,内容丰富而不芜杂,格律严谨而不板滞,以仄起仄落的五律正格,写得铿然作响,气度浑灏,因而一千二百余年来一直脍炙人口,历久不衰。

  春望一诗中的对偶句:感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心。烽火连三月,家书抵万金。

  译文

  故国沦亡,空留下山河依旧,春天来临,长安城中荒草深深。感叹时局,看到花开也不由得流下眼泪,怨恨别离,听到鸟鸣也禁不住心中惊悸。战火连绵,如今已是暮春三月,家书珍贵,足抵得上万两黄金。痛苦中我的白发越搔越短,简直要插不上头簪。



有才子曰:诗词赏析:感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心的意思

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  139. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/Response.php ( 8.81 KB )
  140. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/response/View.php ( 3.29 KB )
  141. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-view/src/Think.php ( 8.38 KB )
  142. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/contract/TemplateHandlerInterface.php ( 1.60 KB )
  143. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/Template.php ( 46.61 KB )
  144. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/driver/File.php ( 2.41 KB )
  145. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  146. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/runtime/index/temp/a32b58c6886ab785ddfef4e22cc56e84.php ( 42.64 KB )
  147. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/facade/Route.php ( 4.70 KB )
  148. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-multi-app/src/Url.php ( 7.52 KB )
  149. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/framework/src/think/route/Url.php ( 14.07 KB )
  150. /www/wwwroot/caiziyue/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000377s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=www_caiziyue_com;charset=utf8
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_styles` [ RunTime:0.000482s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `qing_styles` WHERE `etitle` = 'head' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000307s ]
  4. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_site_styles` [ RunTime:0.000457s ]
  5. SELECT * FROM `qing_site_styles` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000242s ]
  6. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_category` [ RunTime:0.000364s ]
  7. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 0 AND `catetype` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000264s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000300s ]
  9. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 77 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000273s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 89 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000261s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 95 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000247s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 99 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000249s ]
  13. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_nav` [ RunTime:0.000435s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `qing_nav` WHERE `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000221s ]
  15. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_archives` [ RunTime:0.000417s ]
  16. SELECT * FROM `qing_archives` WHERE `id` = 6320 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000313s ]
  17. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `qing_user` [ RunTime:0.000348s ]
  18. SELECT * FROM `qing_user` WHERE `iuid` = 87 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000243s ]
  19. UPDATE `qing_archives` SET `click` = 265 WHERE `id` = 6320 [ RunTime:0.001618s ]
  20. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `id` = 80 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000255s ]
  21. SELECT * FROM `qing_category` WHERE `parent_id` = 76 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000253s ]
0.144138s